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Zorluk: OrtaWestward Expansion: Economic and Social Development

Source: Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," 1893.

"Behind institutions, behind constitutional forms and modifications, lie the vital forces that call these organs into life and shape them to meet changing conditions. The peculiarity of American institutions is, the fact that they have been compelled to adapt themselves to the changes of an expanding people—to the changes involved in crossing a continent, in winning a wilderness, and in developing at each area of this progress out of the primitive economic and political conditions of the frontier into the complexity of city life."

Which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century most directly facilitated the economic transformation described in the excerpt?

  1. The construction of transcontinental transportation networks supported by government subsidies and land grants.Cevap
  2. B
    The strict adherence of the federal government to laissez-faire principles, which prevented any state intervention in western economic development.
  3. C
    The successful preservation of Native American tribal sovereignty and land holdings through federal policies like the Dawes Act.
  4. D
    The widespread adoption of urban Progressive reforms that successfully regulated agricultural production in the West.

Cevap

The transition of the western frontier was most directly facilitated by the construction of transcontinental transportation networks supported by government subsidies and land grants.
The correct answer is the option focusing on government-supported transcontinental transportation. The expansion of the railroad network, heavily funded by federal land grants and subsidies under legislation like the Pacific Railway Act, integrated the West into the national economy and transformed the region from isolated settlements into interconnected markets.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the stimulus passage.
The excerpt by Frederick Jackson Turner (1893) describes the process of westward expansion and the adaptation of American institutions as the population moved from the primitive frontier to complex city life.
Understanding the core argument of the stimulus is essential to identifying which late-nineteenth-century development facilitated this transformation.
2
Identify the historical mechanisms that connected the western frontier to the national economy.
The federal government provided massive subsidies and land grants to railroad corporations (such as through the Pacific Railway Acts) to build a transcontinental railroad network, enabling rapid settlement, resource extraction, and market integration.
This shows the direct cause of the transition from isolated frontier conditions to a complex, integrated national economy.
3
Evaluate the distractors against the historical record.
The federal government did not adhere strictly to laissez-faire principles (it subsidized railroads), the Dawes Act undermined rather than preserved tribal sovereignty, and the Progressive Era post-dates the primary period of westward expansion and was urban-focused.
Eliminating options that contain historical inaccuracies or out-of-period facts confirms the correct choice.

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Westward Expansion: Economic and Social Development
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Westward Expansion: Economic and Social Development

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