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Zorluk: OrtaInstitutions Developing in a Globalized World

"The Parties to this Agreement,

Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, and expanding the production of and trade in goods and services...

Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade relations...

Agree as follows:

Article I: Establishment of the Organization: The World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as 'the WTO') is hereby established."

— Preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement, 1994

Which of the following developments in the late twentieth century most directly facilitated the goals expressed in the agreement?

  1. A
    The expansion of direct colonial rule and territorial annexation by Western powers to control trade routes.
  2. B
    The revival of mercantilist economic policies designed to accumulate bullion through state-mandated monopolies.
  3. The widespread adoption of neoliberal economic principles that promoted free trade and deregulation.Cevap
  4. D
    The promotion of the Green Revolution's agricultural methods to achieve national self-sufficiency.

Cevap

The widespread adoption of neoliberal economic principles that promoted free trade and deregulation.
The correct answer is correct because the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) through the Marrakesh Agreement reflects the late-twentieth-century shift toward neoliberalism. Neoliberal policies, championed by Western nations and global institutions, promoted deregulation, privatization, and the removal of tariffs to encourage free trade and global economic integration.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the stimulus document.
The text is the preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement (1994) establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), which emphasizes the reduction of tariffs, elimination of trade barriers, and promotion of global economic integration.
Understanding the core focus of the source document is the first step in answering stimulus-based questions.
2
Identify the historical context of the late twentieth century regarding international trade.
The late twentieth century was characterized by rapid globalization, driven by neoliberal economic policies that favored deregulation, free markets, and the lowering of trade tariffs.
Aligning the goals of the WTO with the broader historical trends of the era helps identify the correct option.
3
Evaluate the choices based on historical accuracy and relevance to the WTO's goals.
The option describing neoliberal economic policies directly aligns with the Marrakesh Agreement's goals of reducing trade barriers. Other options refer to either different time periods (mercantilism, direct imperialism) or agricultural technology (Green Revolution).
Eliminating incorrect historical concepts leads to the selection of the correct option.

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Institutions Developing in a Globalized World
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