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Zorluk: KolaySocialist, Communist, and Reformist Reactions to Industrialization

Source: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The Communist Manifesto*, 1848

"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. . . . The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. . . . The development of Modern Industry, therefore, cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products. What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers."

Based on the passage, which of the following actions would Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels most likely support to address the inequalities of industrial capitalism?

  1. The revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system by the working classCevap
  2. B
    The passage of government legislation to limit daily working hours in factories
  3. C
    The formation of labor unions to negotiate higher wages within the factory system
  4. D
    The return to mercantilist policies to protect domestic manufacturing from foreign competition

Cevap

The revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system by the working class
The correct option is correct because Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argue in the passage that modern industrial society is divided by class antagonism between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. They believed that the working class would inevitably overthrow the capitalist system in a revolution to resolve this conflict.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the source text to identify the authors' core view of industrial society.
The text asserts that history is defined by class struggles and that modern industry produces the 'grave-diggers' of the bourgeoisie, indicating that capitalism is inherently unstable and doomed to be overthrown.
Identifying the author's primary thesis helps determine what action they would support.
2
Differentiate between revolutionary Marxism and reformist reactions to industrialization.
Marxism is defined by its call for the revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist structure, whereas moderate reforms seek to improve conditions within the system.
This differentiation allows the exclusion of reformist options such as factory laws or trade union negotiations.
3
Select the option that aligns with the Marxist objective of dismantling the capitalist class structure.
The option proposing the revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system by the proletariat is the only one that represents the Marxist response.
It matches the radical change advocated in *The Communist Manifesto*.

Anahtar Kavram

Marxist revolutionary critique of industrial capitalism
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Konular

Socialist, Communist, and Reformist Reactions to Industrialization

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