“The successful voyage of the steamer *Frigorifique* in 1876, which transported fresh meat from Buenos Aires to France in a chilled state for over one hundred days, marks a new epoch. Henceforth, the vast grazing lands of the Pampas and the Australian bush are brought to the very doors of the crowded industrial cities of Europe. Distance is annihilated, and the pastoralist of the southern hemisphere is made a direct competitor of the European farmer.”
—Adapted from a British trade journal, 1878
Which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century was a direct global consequence of the technological innovation described in the passage?
- The deepening of a global division of labor in which non-industrialized regions specialized in exporting primary agricultural commodities to industrialized nations.Cevap
- BThe establishment of direct European colonial administration and territorial annexation across South America to secure cattle grazing lands.
- CThe rapid transition of agricultural societies in the Southern Hemisphere to industrial manufacturing using domestic petroleum-powered engines.
- DThe immediate obsolescence of coal-powered steam shipping as transoceanic cargo fleets adopted electric propulsion systems.
Cevap
The deepening of a global division of labor in which non-industrialized regions specialized in exporting primary agricultural commodities to industrialized nations.
The correct answer is the option focusing on the deepening of a global division of labor. The integration of mechanical refrigeration (a key innovation of the Second Industrial Revolution) with steam-powered transport allowed perishable agricultural goods to be shipped globally without spoiling. This facilitated a global division of labor where regions in the Southern Hemisphere specialized in raw agricultural exports to feed the growing, urbanized populations of industrialized nations in Europe.
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Anahtar Kavram
Technological Innovations of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions
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