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Zorluk: Çok zorMaritime Empires Maintained and Developed

And the King our Lord, wishing to prevent the Moors and other nations from trading in these parts without his license, ordered that no ship should navigate the Indian Sea without a safe-conduct [cartaz] signed by his captains or factors. Any vessel found without this document was to be seized, its cargo confiscated to the royal treasury, and its crew dealt with as enemies of the Crown. By this means, the commerce in spices, which formerly flowed through the Red Sea to the Levant and Venice, is now directed to our factories in Cochin and Goa, and thence to Lisbon, to the great enrichment of our realm and the depletion of the revenues of the Sultan of Egypt.

—Adapted from João de Barros, Portuguese chronicler, *Décadas da Ásia*, c. 1552

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the primary economic goal of the Portuguese crown's trade licensing system?

  1. To establish a state-controlled monopoly over Indian Ocean commerce, redirecting trade profits to the royal treasury through military coercion.Cevap
  2. B
    To foster economic efficiency by encouraging free-market competition among private merchant networks across regional ports.
  3. C
    To coordinate a global network for the biological exchange of agricultural goods and diseases between Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
  4. D
    To secure political control over the interior agricultural regions of India through direct administrative annexation.

Cevap

To establish a state-controlled monopoly over Indian Ocean commerce, redirecting trade profits to the royal treasury through military coercion.
The correct answer stating that the Portuguese sought to establish a state-controlled monopoly over Indian Ocean commerce through military coercion is correct because the cartaz (licensing) system was a central pillar of the Portuguese trading post empire. By forcing merchants to trade at Portuguese-controlled ports and pay custom duties, the Portuguese crown redirected the profitable spice trade away from traditional overland and Red Sea routes directly to Lisbon, enriching the state treasury.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the historical source context and details.
The source describes the Portuguese King enforcing a licensing system (cartaz) under threat of seizure and cargo confiscation to redirect the spice trade to Lisbon.
This establishes that the system was a state-controlled, militarily enforced economic policy.
2
Connect the source's details to broader historical concepts of early modern empire building.
The policy represents mercantilism and the establishment of a trading post empire rather than direct territorial rule or free-trade agreements.
Mercantilist maritime empires aimed to control trade routes, secure monopolies, and accumulate wealth for the crown.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one matching these mercantilist and trading-post characteristics.
The option specifying the creation of a state-controlled monopoly through military coercion perfectly matches the text's description of forcing ships to acquire safe-conducts on pain of being treated as enemies.
This distinguishes Portuguese maritime methods from both land-based territorial administration and later free-market capitalism.

Anahtar Kavram

Maritime empires in the period 1450–1750 established and maintained power through state-sponsored commercial monopolies and military control of maritime trade networks.
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Konular

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed

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