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Zorluk: Çok zorExploration: Causes and Events

Source: Gomes Eanes de Zurara, Portuguese chronicler, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, c. 1453.

'The first reason was that the Prince [Henry the Navigator] wished to know the land that lay beyond the Isles of Canary and a cape called Bojador, for up to that time, neither by writings nor by the memory of man, was known with certainty the nature of the land beyond... The second reason was that if there chanced to be in those lands any population of Christian men, or any ports into which it would be safe to navigate, he might enter into trade with them, which would be of great profit to his countrymen... The third reason was to discover the power of the Moors in those lands... The fourth reason was that during the thirty-one years he had warred against the Moors, he had found no Christian king or lord who would aid him for the love of Christ... The fifth reason was his great desire to increase the Holy Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and to bring to Him all the souls that should be saved.'

Which of the following developments in the fifteenth century best explains the Portuguese motivations described in the passage?

  1. A
    The expansion of the Columbian Exchange, which shifted the focus of European merchant networks toward the triangular trade in the Americas.
  2. B
    The decline of Indian Ocean commerce due to the inability of European maritime technology to adapt to seasonal monsoon wind patterns.
  3. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire and other Islamic states, which consolidated control over traditional overland trade routes between Europe and Asia.Cevap
  4. D
    The rapid conquest of East Asian empires through the deployment of Spanish military technologies like firearms and steel weaponry.

Cevap

The expansion of the Ottoman Empire and other Islamic states, which consolidated control over traditional overland trade routes between Europe and Asia.
The correct option is correct because the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the mid-fifteenth century led to Muslim domination of the overland Silk Roads and the Levant trade routes. European states, seeking to bypass the heavy taxes and monopolies imposed by these Islamic states, sponsored maritime exploration to establish a direct sea route to Asia, while also seeking to ally with rumored Christian kingdoms to counter Muslim influence.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the primary source passage for key motivations.
The text highlights Prince Henry's goals: mapping unknown waters, establishing profitable trade, assessing the strength of Muslim rivals ('Moors'), finding Christian allies, and converting populations to Christianity.
Understanding the specific goals mentioned in the primary source is necessary to place them in historical context.
2
Connect the motivations to mid-fifteenth-century geopolitical developments in Afro-Eurasia.
The mid-fifteenth century was characterized by the rise of land-based Islamic empires, most notably the Ottoman Empire, which captured Constantinople in 1453 and monopolized Eastern Mediterranean trade routes.
This links the local motivations of Portuguese explorers to the broader global shift in trade control.
3
Evaluate the options to identify which development matches the search for alternative routes and allies.
The Ottoman expansion directly explains the Portuguese desire to bypass Muslim middlemen, secure direct maritime access to Asian markets, and look for Christian allies to counter Islamic power.
This establishes the causal link between Ottoman expansion and the push for Portuguese maritime exploration.

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Exploration: Causes and Events
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Exploration: Causes and Events

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