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Zorluk: ZorEcology and Environment

In a temperate coniferous forest, autotrophic lodgepole pines synthesize 40000 kcal/m2/yr40{}000\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr} of net primary energy. If each successive trophic level incorporates approximately 10%10\% of the energy from the level beneath it, how much energy is directly available to secondary consumers?

  1. A
    4000 kcal/m2/yr4{}000\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}
  2. B
    36000 kcal/m2/yr36{}000\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}
  3. 400 kcal/m2/yr400\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}Cevap
  4. D
    40 kcal/m2/yr40\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}

Cevap

400 kcal/m2/yr400\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr} is directly available to secondary consumers.
According to the ecological 10%10\% rule of energy transfer, each trophic level stores only about one-tenth of the energy from the level below it. Primary producers (lodgepole pines, level 1) synthesize 40000 kcal/m2/yr40{}000\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}. Primary consumers (herbivores, level 2) receive 10%10\%, which equals 4000 kcal/m2/yr4{}000\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}. Secondary consumers (carnivores, level 3) receive 10%10\% of the primary consumer energy, resulting in 400 kcal/m2/yr400\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the trophic tier and energy of the primary producers.
Lodgepole pines are producers (Trophic Level 1) with 40000 kcal/m2/yr40{}000\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}.
Producers form the base of the ecological energy pyramid.
2
Calculate the energy transferred to primary consumers (herbivores).
Primary consumers (Trophic Level 2) obtain 10%10\% of producer energy: 40000×0.10=4000 kcal/m2/yr40{}000 \times 0.10 = 4{}000\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}.
The 10%10\% rule dictates that roughly 90%90\% of energy is lost as heat and metabolic maintenance between trophic tiers.
3
Calculate the energy transferred to secondary consumers (carnivores/omnivores).
Secondary consumers (Trophic Level 3) obtain 10%10\% of primary consumer energy: 4000×0.10=400 kcal/m2/yr4{}000 \times 0.10 = 400\text{ kcal/m}^2/\text{yr}.
Secondary consumers feed directly on primary consumers, undergoing a second 10%10\% transfer step.

Anahtar Kavram

Trophic Energy Transfer and Ecological Efficiency
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Konular

Ecology and Environment

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