Read the following passage:
Modern commercial cargo vessels rely on onboard ballast water management systems to prevent the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms between marine ecosystems. When cargo ships discharge untreated ballast water taken from foreign ports, non-native species can establish populations that devastate local biodiversity. To eliminate this ecological threat, modern vessels utilize dual-stage treatment systems combining physical filtration with ultraviolet irradiation or electro-chlorination. While physical filtration captures larger suspended solids, ultraviolet light destroys the DNA of microscopic pathogens before discharge. Through these integrated treatment methods, global shipping fleets maintain essential vessel stability without compromising foreign marine habitats.
Based on the passage, the primary main idea is that ultraviolet light neutralizes microscopic pathogens by disrupting their cellular DNA.
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