Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: OrtaLevers and Fulcrums

A manual water pump features a straight, rigid handle that pivots on a fixed hinge at one end. A vertical piston rod, which provides the resistance, is attached to the handle 0.20 meters0.20 \text{ meters} from the hinge. A user pushes down on the opposite end of the handle, located 1.00 meter1.00 \text{ meter} from the hinge. If the piston rod requires 400 N400 \text{ N} of force to operate, what is the minimum effort force the user must apply, and what class of lever does this mechanism represent?

  1. A
    100 N100 \text{ N}; First-class lever
  2. B
    80 N80 \text{ N}; Third-class lever
  3. 80 N80 \text{ N}; Second-class leverCevap
  4. D
    2000 N2000 \text{ N}; Second-class lever

Cevap

80 N80 \text{ N}; Second-class lever
In this mechanism, the fulcrum (hinge) is at one end, the effort is applied at the opposite end, and the resistance (load) is located between them. This arrangement defines a second-class lever. The effort arm is the total distance from the fulcrum to the effort (1.00 m1.00 \text{ m}), while the load arm is the distance from the fulcrum to the resistance (0.20 m0.20 \text{ m}). The mechanical advantage (MA) is found by dividing the effort arm by the load arm (1.00/0.20=51.00 / 0.20 = 5). To find the required effort force, the load is divided by the MA (400 N/5=80 N400 \text{ N} / 5 = 80 \text{ N}).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the fulcrum, effort, and load positions to determine the lever class.
The fulcrum is at one end (hinge), the effort is at the opposite end, and the load is located between them.
This specific physical arrangement defines a second-class lever.
2
Determine the lengths of the effort arm and load arm.
Effort arm = 1.00 m1.00 \text{ m}; Load arm = 0.20 m0.20 \text{ m}.
Lever arms are strictly measured from the fulcrum to the respective points where the force and resistance are applied.
3
Calculate the Mechanical Advantage (MA).
MA=1.00 m/0.20 m=5\text{MA} = 1.00 \text{ m} / 0.20 \text{ m} = 5.
The MA of a lever is the ratio of the effort arm to the load arm.
4
Calculate the required effort force.
400 N/5=80 N400 \text{ N} / 5 = 80 \text{ N}.
The required effort is the load force divided by the mechanical advantage.

Anahtar Kavram

Second-Class Levers and Mechanical Advantage

Alternatif Yöntem

Instead of using the Mechanical Advantage (MA) ratio, the static equilibrium torque equation can be used directly: (Effort Force) × (Distance from Fulcrum to Effort) = (Load Force) × (Distance from Fulcrum to Load). This gives: Effort × 1.00 = 400 × 0.20, solving directly to Effort = 80 N.
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Bu soruyu puanla

Konular

Levers and Fulcrums

Bu konudan daha fazla soru