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Zorluk: ZorCell Structure and Function

A biomedical researcher observes that a cell line fails to attach carbohydrate tags to newly synthesized digestive enzymes, causing the enzymes to be misdirected and secreted outside the cell rather than delivered to lysosomes. Which organelle has malfunctioned?

  1. A
    Chloroplast
  2. Golgi apparatusCevap
  3. C
    Mitochondrion
  4. D
    Cell wall

Cevap

The Golgi apparatus is the malfunctioning organelle responsible for post-translational modification, carbohydrate tagging, and routing of proteins.
The Golgi apparatus functions as the primary sorting and distribution center of the cell. It receives nascent proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, adds post-translational carbohydrate modifications (such as mannose-6-phosphate tags for lysosomal enzymes), and packages them into specific transport vesicles.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the specific cellular dysfunction described in the stem.
The defect involves failing to attach carbohydrate recognition tags (glycosylation) and improperly routing enzymes to their target vesicles (lysosomes).
Identifying the biochemical role isolates the organelle responsible for post-translational processing.
2
Map the identified function to the corresponding cellular organelle.
The Golgi apparatus receives newly synthesized proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them with carbohydrate markers, and sorts them for appropriate cellular destinations.
The Golgi apparatus serves as the central sorting and packaging hub within the endomembrane system.
3
Evaluate and eliminate the alternative structures.
Mitochondria produce ATP, chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis, and the cell wall provides structural protection; none perform protein glycosylation or vesicle routing.
Eliminating distinct functional systems confirms the correct organelle assignment.

Anahtar Kavram

The Golgi apparatus functions as the molecular packaging and sorting center of the eukaryotic cell, modifying proteins and directing them to specific intracellular or extracellular destinations.
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Cell Structure and Function

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