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Zorluk: OrtaRouter Forwarding Decision Logic

A Cisco router receives an IPv4 packet destined for a remote network. Place the router forwarding decision and packet processing steps in the correct chronological order from first to last.

  1. 1Extract the destination IPv4 address from the incoming packet header.
  2. 2Evaluate the IPv4 routing table and select candidate routes based on the Longest Prefix Match (LPM).
  3. 3Break ties between competing routes with identical prefix lengths using Administrative Distance, followed by metric.
  4. 4Determine the egress exit interface and next-hop IPv4 address from the selected best route entry.
  5. 5Resolve the next-hop Layer 2 MAC address, decrement the IPv4 TTL by 1, recalculate the checksum, and transmit the frame.

Cevap

The correct order of router forwarding decision logic begins with inspecting the destination IP header, evaluating the routing table using Longest Prefix Match, resolving equal prefix length ties using Administrative Distance and metric, identifying the next-hop IP and exit interface, and performing Layer 2 header rewriting along with TTL decrement prior to frame transmission.
Router forwarding logic follows a deterministic sequence: packet IP inspection -> Longest Prefix Match evaluation -> Administrative Distance/metric tie-breaking for equal prefixes -> next-hop and exit interface resolution -> Layer 2 MAC resolution, TTL decrement, and frame forwarding.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Examine packet header
Destination IPv4 address is extracted from the incoming packet.
The router requires the destination address to initiate a routing table lookup.
2
Apply Longest Prefix Match rule
The routing table entry with the longest subnet mask matching the destination IP is chosen.
LPM is the primary criterion in Cisco IPv4 forwarding decision logic.
3
Compare Administrative Distance and metric
Ties between identical prefix lengths from different routing sources are resolved.
Administrative Distance ranks route trustworthiness when prefix lengths are equal.
4
Retrieve egress forwarding details
The next-hop IPv4 address and outbound interface are identified.
Forwarding requires knowing where to encapsulate and send the packet next.
5
Execute Layer 2 rewrite and transmission
TTL is decremented by 1, IP header checksum updated, next-hop MAC resolved via ARP, and frame sent.
Layer 2 encapsulation is link-local and must be rewritten for each hop along the path.

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Router Forwarding Decision Logic
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