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Zorluk: Çok zorRouting Table Components

An engineer evaluates an operational Cisco router process handling an incoming packet addressed to target host 172.16.35.45. The active IPv4 routing database displays the following entries:

S 172.16.32.0/20 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
D 172.16.32.0/21 [90/307200] via 10.3.3.3
O 172.16.35.0/26 [110/65] via 10.2.2.2
B 172.16.0.0/16 [20/0] via 10.4.4.4

Which next-hop IP address will be utilized to transmit this traffic?

  1. 10.2.2.2Cevap
  2. B
    10.1.1.1
  3. C
    10.3.3.3
  4. D
    10.4.4.4

Cevap

10.2.2.2 is selected because the OSPF route 172.16.35.0/26 provides the longest prefix match (/26) for the destination IP address 172.16.35.45.
When a router performs a forwarding lookup for a destination IP address (172.16.35.45), it evaluates all matching prefix entries in the IPv4 routing table. In this case, 172.16.35.45 falls into the network ranges of all four listed prefixes (/16, /20, /21, and /26). According to the Longest Prefix Match principle, the router selects the entry with the highest mask length (/26). Therefore, the packet is forwarded to next-hop 10.2.2.2 associated with 172.16.35.0/26.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine subnet boundaries for all routing table entries relative to destination 172.16.35.45
172.16.0.0/16 covers 172.16.0.0 - 172.16.255.255 (Match length /16).
172.16.32.0/20 covers 172.16.32.0 - 172.16.47.255 (Match length /20).
172.16.32.0/21 covers 172.16.32.0 - 172.16.39.255 (Match length /21).
172.16.35.0/26 covers 172.16.35.0 - 172.16.35.63 (Match length /26).
All four entries contain the destination IP address 172.16.35.45.
2
Apply the Longest Prefix Match (LPM) rule to select the forwarding entry
The route with subnet mask /26 (172.16.35.0/26) has the greatest number of matching network bits (26 bits).
Cisco routers always evaluate the most specific route (longest subnet mask) first during packet forwarding decisions, prior to administrative distance or metric comparisons.
3
Identify the next-hop address associated with the chosen /26 route
The route O 172.16.35.0/26 is reachable via next-hop 10.2.2.2.
The next-hop address specified in the routing table for the /26 network is 10.2.2.2.

Anahtar Kavram

Longest Prefix Match Rule
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