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Zorluk: ZorInterswitch Connectivity and Trunking (802.1Q)

Two Cisco Catalyst switches, SW1 and SW2, are connected via their GigabitEthernet0/1 interfaces. SW1 is configured with `switchport mode dynamic desirable` and `switchport trunk native vlan 99`. SW2 is configured with `switchport mode dynamic auto` and retains its default native VLAN 1. Assuming default IEEE 802.1Q trunking behavior, what is the resulting operational state of this interswitch link?

  1. A trunking operational mode is successfully established via DTP negotiation, but PVST+ places VLAN 1 and VLAN 99 into a blocking state on the link due to a PVID inconsistency.Cevap
  2. B
    DTP negotiation fails to form a trunk link because native VLAN configuration parameters must match across both switch ports prior to trunk establishment.
  3. C
    A trunk link forms and untagged traffic from VLAN 99 on SW1 is transparently delivered to VLAN 1 on SW2 without any Spanning Tree Protocol port state restrictions.
  4. D
    Trunking is established, but PortFast automatically activates on GigabitEthernet0/1 to bypass native VLAN verification checks and prevent frame tagging errors.

Cevap

A trunking operational mode is successfully established via DTP negotiation, but PVST+ places VLAN 1 and VLAN 99 into a blocking state on the link due to a PVID inconsistency.
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) operates independently of native VLAN configurations, allowing a port in dynamic desirable mode to successfully negotiate an operational 802.1Q trunk with a port in dynamic auto mode. However, Cisco PVST+ sends Spanning Tree BPDUs with VLAN tagging metadata (SSTP). When the switches receive BPDUs indicating different native VLAN IDs (VLAN 99 vs VLAN 1), PVST+ flags a PVID inconsistency and places VLAN 1 and VLAN 99 into a blocking state on the interface to prevent unauthorized cross-VLAN data leakage and loops.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze DTP mode negotiation between SW1 and SW2
SW1 (`dynamic desirable`) actively sends DTP frames to SW2 (`dynamic auto`), negotiating the link into an operational 802.1Q trunk.
DTP negotiation only evaluates DTP operational modes and encapsulation settings, not native VLAN IDs.
2
Evaluate Native VLAN configuration parameter compatibility
SW1 uses Native VLAN 99, while SW2 uses Native VLAN 1, creating a native VLAN mismatch across the trunk.
Untagged frames sent from VLAN 99 on SW1 would arrive on SW2 and be incorrectly ingested into VLAN 1.
3
Determine Spanning Tree Protocol (PVST+) operational behavior
PVST+ detects the Port VLAN ID (PVID) mismatch using Cisco Shared Spanning Tree Protocol (SSTP) BPDUs and places VLAN 1 and VLAN 99 into a `PVID-inc` (blocking) state on GigabitEthernet0/1.
Blocking the mismatched native VLANs prevents potential Layer 2 loops and cross-VLAN traffic leakage while allowing other matching VLANs to continue forwarding normally.

Anahtar Kavram

802.1Q Native VLAN Mismatch and PVST+ PVID Inconsistency Protection
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