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Zorluk: ZorRouter Forwarding Decision Logic

A Cisco router receives an IP packet destined for host 172.16.35.67172.16.35.67. The routing table contains multiple candidate routes that match this destination IP address. Place the routing decision criteria in the correct order of precedence used by the router to make its forwarding decision, from first evaluated (highest precedence) at the top to last evaluated (lowest precedence) at the bottom.

  1. 1Identify candidate routes and select the route with the longest prefix match (most specific subnet mask).
  2. 2If multiple matching routes have the exact same prefix length, select the route with the lowest Administrative Distance (AD).
  3. 3If multiple routes have identical prefix lengths and originate from the same routing protocol, select the route with the lowest metric.
  4. 4If multiple routes for the exact same prefix have identical Administrative Distance and metric values, perform equal-cost load balancing across all valid paths.

Cevap

The correct sequence of router forwarding decision logic criteria from highest to lowest precedence is: 1) Longest Prefix Match, 2) Lowest Administrative Distance, 3) Lowest Metric, and 4) Equal-Cost Load Balancing.
When forwarding an IP packet, a Cisco router evaluates candidate routes in a strict multi-tier hierarchy. First, Longest Prefix Match (LPM) determines the best route by selecting the entry with the most specific subnet mask. Second, if multiple routes match with the exact same subnet mask length, the router compares Administrative Distance (AD) to select the most trustworthy route source. Third, if routes share the exact same prefix length and come from the same routing protocol, the router selects the path with the lowest metric. Finally, if prefix length, AD, and metric are all identical, equal-cost load balancing is applied.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate mask length specificity (Longest Prefix Match).
The router compares the destination address against all routing table entries and isolates candidate routes matching the highest number of left-to-right network bits (longest subnet mask).
Longest Prefix Match is the primary decision rule in IP packet forwarding and overrides AD and metric.
2
Compare Administrative Distance (AD) for identical prefix lengths.
If candidate routes share the exact same prefix length (e.g., two /24/24 routes), the router compares route sources and selects the one with the lowest AD value.
Administrative Distance defines the believability or trustworthiness of the route source.
3
Compare routing protocol Metric for identical prefix length and route source.
If multiple candidate routes share the exact same prefix length and originate from the same routing protocol (same AD), the router selects the path with the lowest metric value.
Metric measures the cost or desirability of a specific path within a routing protocol domain.
4
Execute Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) load balancing.
If candidate routes for the exact same prefix length have identical AD and metric values, the router installs multiple paths in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and distributes traffic across them.
Equal-cost load balancing optimizes link usage when multiple best paths exist.

Anahtar Kavram

Router Forwarding Decision Hierarchy (LPM -> AD -> Metric -> ECMP)
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