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Zorluk: OrtaInterface and Cable Troubleshooting Issues

Match each Cisco IOS interface line status or counter symptom on the left to its most likely physical or data link layer cause on the right.

  • Interface status is 'GigabitEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down'Layer 1 physical link failure, such as a disconnected cable, missing transceiver, or remote end power loss.
  • Interface status is 'FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is down'Layer 2 operational issue, such as an encapsulation mismatch, keepalive failure, or port security violation.
  • Interface status is 'GigabitEthernet0/2 is up, line protocol is up' with rapidly incrementing late collisionsDuplex mismatch resulting from hardcoding full duplex on one side while the remote end operates in half duplex.
  • Interface status is 'FastEthernet0/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down'The interface configuration contains the default 'shutdown' command.

Cevap

The interface conditions match as follows: 'down/down' indicates a Layer 1 physical carrier loss; 'up/down' indicates a Layer 2 framing or encapsulation failure; 'late collisions' on an operational interface indicate a duplex mismatch; and 'administratively down' indicates the port is disabled by configuration.
In Cisco IOS interface diagnostics: physical layer carrier loss generates 'down/down'; data-link framing or keepalive failures generate 'up/down'; duplex mismatches generate late collisions; and administrative shutdown settings generate 'administratively down'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the 'down/down' state symptom.
Identified Layer 1 Physical connection failure.
When both hardware and line protocol report down, physical signal detection has failed completely.
2
Analyze the 'up/down' state symptom.
Identified Layer 2 Data Link framing or protocol failure.
The physical medium is receiving carrier signals, but data link frames or keepalives are not being successfully negotiated.
3
Analyze late collisions on an up/up link.
Identified duplex mismatch condition.
Late collisions happen when a full-duplex port sends frames without checking for carrier sense while the connected half-duplex port transmits simultaneously.
4
Analyze the 'administratively down' state symptom.
Identified local software configuration state ('shutdown').
Cisco IOS explicitly marks interfaces that have not been enabled with 'no shutdown' as administratively down.

Anahtar Kavram

Cisco IOS interface line status, protocol states, and error counter interpretation
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