Tüm alıştırma soruları

1987 soru

Tüm türler1,987 Çoktan seçmeli1,020 Çoklu seçim452 Sayısal18 Eşleştirme229 Sıralama203 Boşluk doldurma22 Kısa cevap43

Two Cisco routers, R1 and R2, are directly connected via their GigabitEthernet 0/0 interfaces in OSPFv2 Area 0. An administrator configures `ip ospf hello-interval 5` on R1's GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface, while R2's interface retains the default OSPF Hello interval of 10 seconds. What is the impact of this configuration on the OSPF neighbor relationship between R1 and R2?

The routers fail to establish an OSPF neighbor adjacency and the neighbor state remains down.

The routers establish a neighbor relationship, but the adjacency is permanently stuck in the 2-WAY state.

The routers successfully form a FULL adjacency after automatically negotiating the Hello interval down to 5 seconds.

The routers form a FULL adjacency, but OSPF route recalculations occur twice as frequently on R1 than on R2.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The routers fail to establish an OSPF neighbor adjacency and the neighbor state remains down.

Cevap

The routers fail to establish an OSPF neighbor adjacency and the neighbor state remains down.

For two routers to establish an OSPFv2 neighbor relationship, essential parameters in their OSPF Hello packets must match exactly. These parameters include the Area ID, Hello interval, Dead interval, Subnet mask (on broadcast networks), and Authentication settings. Because the Hello interval on R1 is set to 5 seconds while R2 is using 10 seconds, both routers reject incoming Hello packets from one another, keeping the neighbor state in the Down state.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Analyze OSPF Hello packet field validation requirements for neighbor adjacency formation.

Identified that specific fields in received Hello packets must match local interface configurations, including Area ID, Subnet Mask, Hello/Dead intervals, Authentication, and Stub flags.

OSPF routers verify these parameters before accepting a neighbor and placing it into the OSPF neighbor table.

Compare the configured Hello interval on R1 (5 seconds) with the default Hello interval on R2 (10 seconds).

A mismatch in Hello intervals exists across the link.

R1 expects Hello packets with a 5-second interval, while R2 sends Hello packets with a 10-second interval (and vice versa for Dead intervals).

Determine the resulting OSPF neighbor state.

Both routers drop incoming Hello packets from each other due to parameter mismatch, preventing neighbor discovery and adjacency formation.

Without matching Hello/Dead intervals, OSPF neighbor relationship setup cannot proceed past the Down state.

Anahtar Kavram

OSPFv2 Hello Packet Parameter Verification and Neighbor Adjacency Requirements

Soru 1322Soru →

Network physical interfaces use specific transceiver standards designed for different cabling media, connector types, and maximum distances. Match each Ethernet transceiver standard to its corresponding physical medium and operational distance specification.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

10GBASE-LR matches Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) using LC connectors up to 10 km at 1310 nm; 1000BASE-SX matches Multimode Fiber (MMF) using LC connectors up to 550 m over OM3; 100GBASE-SR4 matches Multimode Fiber (MMF) using MPO/MTP multi-fiber connectors up to 100 m; 10GBASE-T matches Category 6A (Cat6a) balanced twisted-pair copper cabling up to 100 m.

Each Ethernet optical and copper transceiver designation specifies its exact physical media type, wavelength, connector, and maximum supported distance according to IEEE 802.3 standards.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the optical fiber classification and range for 10GBASE-LR

The 'LR' stands for Long Range, which utilizes 1310 nm lasers over single-mode fiber (SMF) up to 10 km.

Single-mode fiber is required for long-range high-bandwidth transmission due to minimal modal dispersion.

Identify the optical fiber classification and range for 1000BASE-SX

The 'SX' suffix denotes short-wavelength 850 nm optics designed for multimode fiber (MMF) reaching up to 550 m over OM3 grade fiber.

Multimode fiber utilizes LED or VCSEL light sources for shorter intra-building runs.

Identify the multi-lane 100G fiber specification for 100GBASE-SR4

The 'SR4' suffix indicates short-range 4-lane optics requiring parallel MPO/MTP multi-fiber push-on connectors up to 100 m.

Parallel optics aggregate four 25 Gbps lanes across separate fiber strands inside a ribbon cable.

Identify the copper Ethernet standard for 10GBASE-T

The 'T' suffix indicates twisted-pair copper media using standard RJ-45 connectors, specifically requiring Cat6a for full 100-meter 10 Gbps runs.

Category 6A cabling mitigates alien crosstalk required for 10 Gbps operation up to 100 meters.

Anahtar Kavram

Ethernet Physical Layer Standards and Media Specifications

Soru 1323Soru →

A network host sends a unicast Ethernet frame to a Layer 2 switch. The source MAC address of the frame is not currently present in the switch's MAC address table, but the destination MAC address is already mapped to an active interface. In what sequence does the switch perform operations to process and forward this frame? Arrange the switch operations in the correct chronological order from first to last.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence of switch operations is: receiving the frame on the ingress interface, examining and recording the source MAC address in the MAC address table, looking up the destination MAC address in the table, identifying the corresponding egress interface, and forwarding the unicast frame directly out that egress interface.

When an Ethernet frame arrives on a switch port, the switch first learns or updates the mapping of the frame's source MAC address to the ingress interface in its MAC address table. Next, it performs a lookup for the destination MAC address. Because the destination MAC address is already known, the switch identifies the single mapped egress interface and forwards the frame directly out that port without flooding.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Frame Ingress

The Ethernet frame enters the switch port buffer.

Layer 2 processing begins as soon as the physical frame is received on an interface.

Source MAC Learning

The unknown source MAC address is mapped to the ingress port in the MAC address table.

Switches continuously build their MAC address table by examining the source MAC address of every incoming frame.

Destination MAC Lookup

The switch searches its MAC address table for the destination MAC address.

Forwarding decisions are determined by comparing the destination MAC address against existing table entries.

Egress Port Selection

The switch identifies the target egress port linked to the destination MAC address.

A valid table match maps the destination MAC address directly to a specific physical or logical interface.

Unicast Forwarding

The frame is transmitted out the target egress port.

Known unicast frames are forwarded strictly out the designated interface rather than being flooded out all ports.

Anahtar Kavram

Layer 2 MAC Address Table Learning and Known Unicast Forwarding Logic

Soru 1324Soru →

A network engineer attempts to configure a Cisco switch running Rapid PVST+ to serve as a primary root bridge by issuing the command `spanning-tree vlan 100 priority 8000` in global configuration mode. Which outcome will occur on the switch upon executing this command?

The switch rejects the command because bridge priority values must be specified in increments of 4096.

The switch accepts the command and adds the VLAN ID (100) to 8000, resulting in a total priority of 8100.

The switch accepts the command and automatically rounds the value down to 4096, the nearest valid increment.

The switch accepts the command but places all interconnect trunk ports into the discarding state to prevent loops.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The switch rejects the command because bridge priority values must be specified in increments of 4096.

Cevap

The switch rejects the command because bridge priority values must be specified in increments of 4096.

In Rapid PVST+, the Bridge ID incorporates a 12-bit System ID Extension containing the VLAN ID. Consequently, only the 4 most significant bits of the 16-bit priority field are configurable by the administrator, mandating that bridge priority values must be configured in multiples of 4096 (such as 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, up to 61440). Entering a value like 8000 violates this requirement, causing the switch CLI to reject the command immediately with an error message.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Analyze the Bridge ID structure under Rapid PVST+.

The 16-bit Bridge Priority field consists of a 4-bit Priority field and a 12-bit System ID Extension (VLAN ID).

Because only the 4 most significant bits are allocated for configurable priority, valid base values must be multiples of

2^{12} = 4096

Evaluate the entered CLI value of 8000.

8000 is not a multiple of 4096 (the nearest valid multiples are 4096 and 8192).

Cisco IOS enforces strict syntax validation that rejects invalid priority increments.

Determine the switch response.

The CLI displays an error message specifying valid increments (0, 4096, 8192, ..., 61440) and rejects the command.

Invalid inputs cannot be processed or saved into the running configuration.

Anahtar Kavram

Rapid PVST+ System ID Extension and Bridge Priority 4096 Increment Rule

Tahmini Süre:1m 0s

Soru 1325Soru →

An enterprise network administration team is evaluating wireless deployment options to connect several regional offices. They are comparing a traditional Cisco Centralized Wireless Architecture using Lightweight Access Points (APs) operating in default Local mode against a Cisco Cloud-Managed Wireless Architecture (such as Cisco Meraki). Which statement correctly describes the fundamental difference in data plane traffic processing between these two architectures?

In the cloud-managed architecture, client data traffic is switched locally at the access point onto the LAN, whereas in the centralized architecture, client data traffic is encapsulated in CAPWAP data tunnels and forwarded to a central controller.

In the cloud-managed architecture, client data traffic is tunneled to the cloud management portal for policy processing, whereas in the centralized architecture, client data traffic is switched locally by the access point.

In the centralized architecture, both the control plane and data plane are processed locally at the access point, whereas in the cloud-managed architecture, both planes are encapsulated within CAPWAP data tunnels.

In the cloud-managed architecture, control plane traffic is tunneled to an on-premises physical controller, whereas in the centralized architecture, control plane traffic is managed directly from a cloud dashboard.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: In the cloud-managed architecture, client data traffic is switched locally at the access point onto the LAN, whereas in the centralized architecture, client data traffic is encapsulated in CAPWAP data tunnels and forwarded to a central controller.

Cevap

In a Cisco Centralized deployment with APs in default Local mode, split-MAC functionality is used where all user data is encapsulated in CAPWAP tunnels and sent directly to the centralized Wireless LAN Controller (WLC). Conversely, in a Cloud-Managed architecture (such as Cisco Meraki), management is out-of-band via the cloud, but the data plane is locally switched directly by the AP onto the local switch interface.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Analyze the data plane behavior of Cisco Centralized Wireless Architecture in default Local mode.

Local mode APs use a split-MAC architecture where all user data frames are encapsulated into CAPWAP data tunnels (using UDP port 5247) and sent to the centralized WLC for switching and policy enforcement.

Centralized control and data processing require all traffic to terminate at the physical Wireless LAN Controller.

Analyze the data plane behavior of Cisco Cloud-Managed Wireless Architecture.

Cloud-managed APs use out-of-band cloud management. Management/control traffic goes to the cloud dashboard, while user data traffic is bridged locally directly onto the access switch network.

Cloud management platforms do not route or process user data frames to preserve performance and bandwidth.

Compare the two deployment models to select the correct statement.

The statement highlighting local switching at the AP for cloud-managed deployments versus central CAPWAP tunneling to a controller for centralized Local mode deployments is correct.

This captures the primary data plane traffic flow difference between the two deployment types.

Anahtar Kavram

Data Plane Traffic Handling in Centralized vs Cloud-Managed Wireless Architectures

Soru 1326Soru →

A network administrator is configuring IPv6 static routing on router R1 to reach the destination network $2001:\text{db8}:\text{acad}:10::/64$ . Router R1 connects to neighboring router R2 via interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1. Router R2's connected interface has a global unicast address of $2001:\text{db8}:\text{acad}:12::2/64$ and a link-local address of $\text{fe80}::2$ .

Which two Cisco IOS commands represent valid IPv6 static route configurations on R1? (Select two.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::2

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 2001:db8:acad:12::2

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 fe80::2

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2001:db8:acad:12::2/64

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::2; ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 2001:db8:acad:12::2

Cevap

The valid IPv6 static route configurations are 'ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::2' and 'ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:10::/64 2001:db8:acad:12::2'.

In Cisco IOS, IPv6 static routes using a link-local address as the next hop require a fully specified syntax that includes the local exit interface. Alternatively, static routes using a global unicast address as the next hop require only the destination prefix and the next-hop IPv6 address.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Evaluate link-local next-hop static route requirements in Cisco IOS.

Link-local addresses (

\text{fe80}::/10

) are scoped only to a single link. Therefore, Cisco IOS requires specifying the local exit interface alongside the link-local next-hop address.

Without specifying the exit interface, the router cannot determine which physical link to forward the packet out of.

Evaluate global unicast next-hop static route requirements in Cisco IOS.

Global unicast addresses are globally unique, allowing the router to perform a recursive routing table lookup to find the egress interface.

Specifying only the global unicast next-hop address creates a valid recursive static route.

Anahtar Kavram

IPv6 Static Route Next-Hop Syntax Rules

Soru 1327Soru →

An engineer is configuring a backup fully-specified IPv6 static route on router R1 toward the remote destination network $2001:\text{db8}:500:10::/64$ . The primary path is learned via OSPFv3. The backup route must forward traffic to the next-hop router's link-local address $\text{fe80::2}$ via local interface GigabitEthernet0/1 with an administrative distance of 130. Complete the required Cisco IOS configuration command.

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

ipv6 route 2001:db8:500:10::/64 130

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The complete command is 'ipv6 route 2001:db8:500:10::/64 GigabitEthernet0/1 fe80::2 130'.

When configuring an IPv6 static route using a link-local next-hop address, Cisco IOS requires a fully specified static route format: `ipv6 route <prefix/length> <exit-interface> <link-local-address> [administrative-distance]`. Thus, GigabitEthernet0/1 must be specified as the exit interface in the first blank, and fe80::2 as the next hop in the second blank.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the target IPv6 network prefix and length.

The destination prefix is 2001:db8:500:10::/64.

IPv6 static routes require the destination network prefix with prefix length.

Determine the required syntax for using a link-local address as a next hop.

When a link-local address (fe80::2) is specified as the next hop, Cisco IOS requires the local exit interface (GigabitEthernet0/1) to precede the link-local address in the command.

Link-local addresses are only unique to the local link, so the router must know which egress interface to send the traffic out of.

Append the administrative distance parameter.

An administrative distance of 130 is placed at the end of the command.

The primary OSPFv3 route has an administrative distance of 110; setting the static route to 130 creates a floating static route.

Anahtar Kavram

IPv6 Fully Specified Static Route and Floating Static Route Syntax

Soru 1328Soru →

A Cisco router running OSPFv2 has no manually configured router ID (`router-id` command). The router has the following active and operational interfaces configured with IP addresses:

- Loopback 0: 10.10.10.1/32
- Loopback 1: 172.16.50.1/32
- GigabitEthernet0/0: 192.168.1.1/24
- GigabitEthernet0/1: 192.168.2.1/24

What IP address will OSPF automatically select as the OSPF Router ID?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 172.16.50.1

Cevap

172.16.50.1

In OSPFv2, the router ID election order is: 1) Manually configured router ID (`router-id` command), 2) Highest IP address among active loopback interfaces, and 3) Highest IP address among active non-loopback (physical) interfaces. Because active loopbacks exist and no manual router ID is specified, OSPF chooses the highest loopback IP address, which is 172.16.50.1.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Check for a manually configured OSPF router ID

No manually configured OSPF router ID exists

Manual configuration using the `router-id` command takes highest priority.

Evaluate active loopback interfaces

Two active loopback interfaces exist: 10.10.10.1 and 172.16.50.1

If no explicit router ID is set, OSPF evaluates the IP addresses assigned to up/up loopback interfaces.

Select the highest IP address among active loopback interfaces

172.16.50.1 is selected as the Router ID

Comparing numerically, 172.16.50.1 is greater than 10.10.10.1.

Anahtar Kavram

OSPFv2 Router ID Election Order

Soru 1329Soru →

An enterprise edge router receives internal routing updates for the prefix $192.168.50.0/24$ via OSPFv2 (Administrative Distance 110) and iBGP (Administrative Distance 200). A network administrator intends to provision a floating static route via next-hop $10.0.12.2$ that remains inactive during normal operation, activates as a backup if the OSPF path fails, and takes precedence over the iBGP path. The administrator executes the following Cisco IOS command:

`ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2 105`

What is the operational result of this configuration, and what modification is required to achieve the desired routing behavior?

The static route immediately replaces the OSPF route in the routing table because its Administrative Distance of 105 is lower than 110; the Administrative Distance must be reconfigured to a value between 111 and 199.

The static route is installed in the routing table alongside OSPF to perform equal-cost multipath load balancing; the distance must be set to 201 to force failover.

The static route remains inactive because static routes cannot override dynamic routing protocols unless the permanent keyword is appended; the command syntax must be updated.

The static route is rejected by Cisco IOS because Administrative Distance values below 110 are strictly reserved for internal Cisco protocols; the next-hop IP must be replaced with a exit interface.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The static route immediately replaces the OSPF route in the routing table because its Administrative Distance of 105 is lower than 110; the Administrative Distance must be reconfigured to a value between 111 and 199.

Cevap

The static route immediately overrides the OSPF path because an Administrative Distance of 105 is lower than OSPF's default distance of 110. To function as a floating static backup for OSPF while remaining preferred over iBGP, the Administrative Distance must be configured to a value strictly between 111 and 199.

Cisco IOS selects routes for installation in the routing table based on Administrative Distance (AD), where lower values represent higher trustworthiness. OSPFv2 has a default AD of 110 and iBGP has a default AD of 200. Configuring the static route with AD 105 makes it more trustworthy than OSPF (

105 < 110

), causing it to immediately active in the routing table rather than functioning as a backup. To properly float behind OSPF but remain ahead of iBGP, its AD must be set within the range of 111 to 199 (such as 120).

Adım Adım Çözüm

Analyze the Administrative Distance (AD) hierarchy of the active protocols and proposed static route.

Primary path: OSPFv2 (AD 110). Secondary requirement: Floating static backup. Tertiary path: iBGP (AD 200). Configured static route AD: 105.

Administrative Distance determines route trustworthiness in the Cisco IOS Routing Table. Lower AD values are preferred.

Evaluate the effect of configuring AD 105 on the router.

Since

105 < 110

, the static route overrides OSPF immediately and enters the routing table as the active route, breaking its intended role as a backup route.

A floating static route must have an AD higher than the primary route protocol so that it remains inactive until the primary route drops.

Determine the valid AD range for the floating static route.

The AD value

X

must satisfy

110 < X < 200

(e.g.,

X = 120

This guarantees that OSPF (110) is preferred when available, the static route (

X

) activates when OSPF fails, and iBGP (200) is used only as a last resort.

Anahtar Kavram

Floating Static Route Administrative Distance Calibration

Tahmini Süre:2m 0s

Soru 1330Soru →

A network administrator is configuring a backup floating static IPv6 route on router R1 to reach the remote prefix $2001:\text{db8}:\text{acad}:44::/64$ . The primary route to this subnet is learned via OSPFv3 with an administrative distance of 110. The administrator wants to route backup traffic through the link-local address $fe80::211:23ff:fe45:6789$ of the neighboring router connected to interface $GigabitEthernet0/0/1$ , assigning an administrative distance of 130. Which Cisco IOS command correctly configures this floating static route?

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:44::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::211:23ff:fe45:6789 130

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:44::/64 fe80::211:23ff:fe45:6789 130

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:44::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::211:23ff:feff:6789 130

ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:44::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::211:23ff:fe45:6789 90

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:44::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::211:23ff:fe45:6789 130

Cevap

The command 'ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:44::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::211:23ff:fe45:6789 130' correctly configures the fully specified floating static IPv6 route.

The correct command uses the syntax 'ipv6 route <prefix/mask> <exit-interface> <next-hop-address> [administrative-distance]'. When a link-local address is used as the next hop, the local exit interface is mandatory because link-local addresses are scoped to the local link. Specifying an administrative distance of 130 ensures the route functions as a floating static route, acting as a backup to the OSPFv3 route which has an administrative distance of 110.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the requirements for using a link-local address as an IPv6 static route next hop.

Because IPv6 link-local addresses (FE80::/10) are non-routable and exist only on a single local link, Cisco IOS requires specifying the local exit interface alongside the link-local next-hop address (a fully specified static route).

Without the exit interface, the router cannot resolve which interface to forward packets out of toward the non-unique link-local address.

Determine the administrative distance required for a floating static backup route.

The primary route has an OSPFv3 administrative distance of 110. To create a backup route that remains dormant in the routing table until the primary route fails, the static route AD must be set higher than 110 (specifically 130 as requested).

Lower administrative distances are preferred by the Cisco IOS routing table logic.

Verify syntax and address accuracy.

The syntax 'ipv6 route <prefix/mask> <exit-interface> <link-local-next-hop> <administrative-distance>' yields 'ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:44::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 fe80::211:23ff:fe45:6789 130'.

This matches all parameters, including proper EUI-64 link-local address formatting and correct AD placement.

Anahtar Kavram

Fully specified IPv6 static routes using link-local next-hop addresses and floating static administrative distance configuration.

Soru 1331Soru →

A router receives routes for the destination network 10.20.0.0/16 dynamically from OSPF, which uses a default administrative distance of 110. A network administrator needs to create a backup static route for this network using the next-hop address 192.168.1.2 so that it only becomes active if the primary OSPF path fails. Which Cisco IOS command correctly configures this floating static route?

ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 120

ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 90

ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 110

ip route 10.20.0.0 0.0.255.255 192.168.1.2 120

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 120

Cevap

The command 'ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 120' correctly configures the floating static route.

The correct command uses standard Cisco IOS syntax with destination network 10.20.0.0, subnet mask 255.255.0.0 for /16, next-hop address 192.168.1.2, and an administrative distance of 120. Because 120 is greater than OSPF's default AD of 110, the static route remains inactive in the routing table until the primary OSPF route fails.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the required static route components in Cisco IOS syntax

Syntax format: ip route <destination-network> <subnet-mask> <next-hop-ip> [administrative-distance]

Cisco IOS requires exact keyword ordering and standard dotted-decimal subnet masks.

Convert the /16 prefix length to a dotted-decimal subnet mask

/16 equals 255.255.0.0

IPv4 static routing commands require a subnet mask, not a wildcard mask.

Determine the required Administrative Distance (AD) for a floating static route

The AD must be higher than the primary routing protocol's AD (OSPF = 110), so an AD of 120 is chosen

Floating static routes are kept out of the routing table until the primary route with a lower AD becomes unavailable.

Anahtar Kavram

Floating static route configuration requires an administrative distance higher than the primary dynamic routing protocol.

Soru 1332Soru →

A network administrator needs to manually configure an IPv6 static route on router R2 to forward traffic toward subnet $2001:\text{db8}:cafe:20::/64$ . The next-hop router R1 uses a link-local IPv6 address of $\text{fe80}::1$ on the shared point-to-point link attached to R2's local interface GigabitEthernet0/1. Which Cisco IOS command correctly configures this route?

ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe:20::/64 GigabitEthernet0/1 fe80::1

ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe:20::/64 fe80::1

ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe:20::/64 fe80::1 GigabitEthernet0/1

ip route 2001:db8:cafe:20::/64 GigabitEthernet0/1 fe80::1

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe:20::/64 GigabitEthernet0/1 fe80::1

Cevap

The command 'ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe:20::/64 GigabitEthernet0/1 fe80::1' correctly configures the fully specified IPv6 static route.

In IPv6 static routing, when a link-local address (fe80::/10 range) is referenced as the next-hop address, the router requires a fully specified route. The syntax must explicitly state the local outbound interface followed by the link-local IPv6 address.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the target IPv6 prefix, exit interface, and next-hop address type.

Destination is

2001:\text{db8}:cafe:20::/64

, local exit interface is GigabitEthernet0/1, and next-hop is link-local address

\text{fe80}::1

IPv6 link-local addresses are non-routable beyond the local link and can exist on multiple interface links on the same router.

Apply Cisco IOS IPv6 fully specified static route syntax rules.

The correct command format is 'ipv6 route <ipv6-prefix/prefix-length> <exit-interface> <link-local-next-hop>'.

Without the local exit interface parameter specified first, the router cannot resolve which link the link-local neighbor resides on.

Anahtar Kavram

IPv6 Fully Specified Static Routing with Link-Local Next-Hop

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

Soru 1333Soru →

Router HQ-RTR has been actively running OSPFv2 process 10 with several interfaces active. When the OSPF process was originally started, the active interfaces were Loopback0 (172.16.1.1/32), GigabitEthernet0/0 (192.168.1.1/24), and GigabitEthernet0/1 (10.10.10.1/24), with no explicitly configured router ID.

Later, a network engineer configures Loopback1 with IP address 10.255.255.255/32 and executes the command `router-id 1.1.1.1` under OSPF process 10. However, the engineer does not reload the router or restart the OSPF process.

When HQ-RTR sends Hello packets to a newly connected OSPF neighbor on GigabitEthernet0/0, which IP address is used as HQ-RTR's OSPF Router ID?

172.16.1.1, because OSPF Router ID changes are non-preemptive and require restarting the OSPF process to take effect

1.1.1.1, because an explicitly configured router ID immediately overrides all interface IP addresses

10.255.255.255, because Loopback1 has the highest IPv4 address among all active loopback interfaces

192.168.1.1, because GigabitEthernet0/0 has the highest IPv4 address among active physical interfaces

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 172.16.1.1, because OSPF Router ID changes are non-preemptive and require restarting the OSPF process to take effect

Cevap

172.16.1.1, because OSPF Router ID changes are non-preemptive and require restarting the OSPF process to take effect

The correct answer explains that OSPF Router ID election is non-preemptive. When OSPF process 10 was first initialized, Loopback0 (172.16.1.1) was chosen as the Router ID because it had the highest IP address among active loopback interfaces. Subsequent changes—such as adding a higher loopback address or entering the `router-id` command—will take effect only after restarting the OSPF process using `clear ip ospf process` or reloading the router.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Determine initial OSPF Router ID selection

Loopback0 (172.16.1.1) was selected as the Router ID when OSPF process 10 initially started, as it was the highest IP address on an active loopback interface.

OSPF Router ID selection order is: 1) manual `router-id` command, 2) highest IP on an active loopback interface, 3) highest IP on an active physical interface.

Evaluate the impact of subsequent configuration changes without process restart

Configuring Loopback1 (10.255.255.255) and setting `router-id 1.1.1.1` updates the configured state in running-config, but does NOT dynamically update the active operational Router ID.

OSPF Router ID election is non-preemptive. Changes take effect only after the router reboots or the administrator executes `clear ip ospf process`.

Identify the active Router ID used in outgoing Hello packets

The active Router ID remains 172.16.1.1.

Because no process restart occurred, HQ-RTR continues to identify itself using 172.16.1.1 in OSPF Hello packets.

Anahtar Kavram

OSPFv2 Router ID Precedence and Non-Preemptive Election Logic

Soru 1334Soru →

A network administrator needs to configure a backup floating static default route on router Edge-R1 to reach an upstream provider. The primary default route is currently learned via OSPFv3 with an administrative distance of $110$ . The next-hop provider router interface has a global unicast address of $2001:\text{db8}:200:1::1/64$ and a link-local address of $\text{fe80}::250:56\text{ff}:\text{fe9a}:1234$ connected directly to interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 on Edge-R1. Which command correctly configures the floating static default route using the provider's link-local address with an administrative distance of $130$ ?

ipv6 route ::/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9a:1234 130

ipv6 route ::/0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9a:1234 130

ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:200:1::1 110

ipv6 route ::/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 fe80::250:56ff:ffff:1234 130

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: ipv6 route ::/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9a:1234 130

Cevap

The correct command is 'ipv6 route ::/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9a:1234 130'.

The option specifying 'ipv6 route ::/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9a:1234 130' is correct because '::/0' represents the default route, the exit interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is explicitly declared alongside the link-local next hop, and the administrative distance of 130 makes it a floating static backup route relative to OSPFv3 (110).

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the IPv6 network prefix representation for a default route.

The default route in IPv6 is represented by the prefix '::/0'.

Default routes match all destination IPv6 addresses not specifically listed in the routing table.

Determine the syntax requirements for specifying a link-local address as a next-hop.

When a link-local address (fe80::/10) is specified as the next hop, the local exit interface (GigabitEthernet0/0/0) must precede the next-hop address.

Link-local addresses are only unique on the local link, requiring explicit egress interface designation.

Set the administrative distance for floating static route functionality.

Set the administrative distance to 130, which is higher than OSPFv3's administrative distance of 110.

A floating static route remains inactive in the routing table until the primary dynamic routing path fails.

Anahtar Kavram

IPv6 Static Route Syntax with Link-Local Next-Hop and Floating Administrative Distance

Soru 1335Soru →

A network technician is troubleshooting a newly configured workstation that is unable to communicate with its local gateway or external networks. The workstation interface has been manually assigned the IPv4 address $172.31.25.127$ with a prefix length of $/26$ . The default gateway interface is configured as $172.31.25.65/26$ . What is the primary reason for the connectivity failure on this workstation?

The assigned address 172.31.25.127 is the subnet broadcast address for the 172.31.25.64/26 subnetwork and cannot be assigned to an end-device host interface.

The assigned address 172.31.25.127 falls outside the RFC 1918 private IPv4 space and is rejected by the local gateway as a public IP address.

The assigned address 172.31.25.127 represents the network ID for the subnetwork and is reserved strictly for router routing tables.

A /26 prefix length accommodates only 30 usable host addresses per subnetwork, placing 172.31.25.127 into a different subnetwork than 172.31.25.65.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The assigned address 172.31.25.127 is the subnet broadcast address for the 172.31.25.64/26 subnetwork and cannot be assigned to an end-device host interface.

Cevap

The assigned address 172.31.25.127 is the subnet broadcast address for the 172.31.25.64/26 subnetwork and cannot be assigned to an end-device host interface.

For a /26 prefix, the subnet block size is 64. The subnetwork containing the gateway 172.31.25.65 starts at network ID 172.31.25.64 and ends at broadcast address 172.31.25.127. Usable host IPs span 172.31.25.65 to 172.31.25.126. Assigning 172.31.25.127 to a host attempts to use the subnetwork broadcast address, which is invalid for host interfaces.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Determine the subnet mask block size for a /26 prefix.

A /26 prefix corresponds to a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192. The block size in the 4th octet is

256 - 192 = 64

Calculating the block size identifies the subnetwork boundaries.

Identify the subnetwork boundaries containing IP address 172.31.25.65.

Subnet multiples of 64 are 0, 64, 128, 192. The IP address 172.31.25.65 falls into the subnetwork starting at 172.31.25.64.

Determines the network ID for the subnetwork.

Determine the usable host range and broadcast address for 172.31.25.64/26.

Network ID: 172.31.25.64. Broadcast address:

172.31.25.64 + 63 = 172.31.25.127

. Usable host range: 172.31.25.65 to 172.31.25.126.

Verifies whether 172.31.25.127 is a valid host address.

Evaluate the validity of assigning 172.31.25.127 to a workstation.

Because 172.31.25.127 is the broadcast address, host network stacks will reject or fail to operate correctly with this IP assignment.

Broadcast addresses are reserved for sending packets to all hosts on the subnetwork.

Anahtar Kavram

Subnet Boundary and Broadcast Address Identification

Soru 1336Soru →

A network engineer receives an security alert regarding an unexpected network device connected to interface GigabitEthernet1/0/5 on a Cisco switch. To inspect the neighboring device details via Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), the engineer executes the `show lldp entry Switch-B` command and receives the following output:

Capability codes:
(R) Router, (B) Bridge, (T) Telephone, (W) WLAN Access Point, (P) Repeater

Local Intf: Gi1/0/5
Chassis id: 0026.99a1.b2c0
Port id: Gi0/1
Port Description: Uplink-to-Core
System Name: Switch-B

System Capabilities: B, R
Enabled Capabilities: B

Management Addresses:
IP: 192.168.10.50

Based on this command output, which statement accurately describes the remote neighbor device?

The remote device is identified as Switch-B, connected via its own GigabitEthernet0/1 interface, and is currently operating with Layer 2 bridging capability enabled.

The local switch receives LLDP messages on interface GigabitEthernet0/1 from the remote device's local port GigabitEthernet1/0/5.

The remote device is actively routing IP packets across subnets because both Router (R) and Bridge (B) system capabilities are listed.

The remote device is transmitting Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) Type-Length-Value (TLV) attributes to advertise management address 192.168.10.50.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The remote device is identified as Switch-B, connected via its own GigabitEthernet0/1 interface, and is currently operating with Layer 2 bridging capability enabled.

Cevap

The remote device is identified as Switch-B, connected via its own GigabitEthernet0/1 interface, and is currently operating with Layer 2 bridging capability enabled.

The correct answer accurately interprets the LLDP entry output fields: 'System Name: Switch-B' identifies the neighbor hostname, 'Port id: Gi0/1' specifies the remote interface, and 'Enabled Capabilities: B' confirms the neighbor is currently functioning as a Layer 2 bridge/switch.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the local and remote interface mapping from the LLDP output.

'Local Intf: Gi1/0/5' indicates the port on the local switch executing the command, while 'Port id: Gi0/1' indicates the connected port on the remote neighbor.

LLDP outputs separate local receiving ports from remote transmitting port IDs.

Evaluate system capabilities versus enabled capabilities.

'System Capabilities: B, R' indicates the hardware supports Bridge and Router functions, but 'Enabled Capabilities: B' proves only Layer 2 bridging is active.

Operational status is determined strictly by enabled capabilities, not total supported capabilities.

Verify device identity and protocol context.

The device name is Switch-B, and the information is obtained via standard LLDP TLVs.

System Name displays the hostname configured on the remote LLDP neighbor.

Anahtar Kavram

Interpretation of LLDP neighbor entry outputs, distinguishing local vs. remote interfaces and system vs. enabled capabilities.

Soru 1337Soru →

A network administrator needs to configure a backup static route to destination network 192.168.50.0/24 via next-hop IP address 10.1.1.2. The primary route to this network is learned dynamically through OSPF, which has a default administrative distance of 110. Which command correctly configures a floating static route that remains inactive in the routing table until the primary OSPF route fails?

ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2 120

ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2 90

ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2

ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2 100

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2 120

Cevap

The command 'ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2 120' correctly configures the floating static route.

A floating static route acts as a backup path and must be configured with an administrative distance higher than the primary route's protocol. Because OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110, setting the static route's administrative distance to 120 ensures it stays out of the routing table until the primary OSPF path fails.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Determine the administrative distance of the primary routing protocol

OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110.

A floating static route must have a higher administrative distance than the primary route to remain inactive while the primary route is operational.

Select an administrative distance value for the static route higher than 110

The value 120 is greater than 110.

Specifying 120 at the end of the 'ip route' command creates a floating static route that only enters the routing table if the OSPF route (110) disappears.

Anahtar Kavram

Floating Static Routes and Administrative Distance

Soru 1338Soru →

A network administrator is configuring Cisco Lightweight Access Points (LAPs) across various remote and campus environments to meet specific operational requirements. Match each Cisco Access Point operational mode to its primary traffic processing or monitoring behavior.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

FlexConnect Mode pairs with switching data locally while tunneling control traffic; Monitor Mode pairs with dedicated WIDS and rogue detection without serving clients; Rogue Detector Mode pairs with monitoring wired ARP/MAC traffic to correlate rogue devices; Sniffer Mode pairs with capturing and forwarding raw 802.11 wireless frames to an analyzer.

Each mode corresponds directly to its specialized function: FlexConnect handles local switching with central control, Monitor mode provides dedicated wireless security/WIDS scanning, Rogue Detector analyzes wired network ARP/MAC addresses for rogue correlation, and Sniffer mode captures wireless channel packets for protocol analysis.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the data forwarding capabilities of FlexConnect Mode.

FlexConnect mode is designed for branch deployments where client data is switched locally onto the local switch VLAN while CAPWAP control packets travel to the central WLC.

This minimizes WAN bandwidth consumption while keeping centralized management intact.

Evaluate non-client serving monitoring modes (Monitor vs. Rogue Detector vs. Sniffer).

Monitor mode performs wireless intrusion detection (WIDS) and wireless rogue scanning. Rogue Detector mode operates on wired switchports listening for ARP/MAC traffic. Sniffer mode streams raw RF packet captures to external packet analysis tools.

Each monitoring AP mode fills a distinct role in network security auditing, troubleshooting, and network management.

Anahtar Kavram

Operational behaviors and traffic patterns of Cisco AP modes

Soru 1339Soru →

Which TWO parameters in OSPFv2 Hello packets must match between two neighboring Cisco routers for them to successfully form an OSPF neighbor adjacency? (Select TWO.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

OSPF Area ID

Hello and Dead timer intervals

OSPF Router ID

OSPF Process ID

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: OSPF Area ID; Hello and Dead timer intervals

Cevap

The OSPF Area ID and the Hello/Dead timer intervals must match between neighboring routers to establish an OSPF adjacency.

For two routers to establish an OSPFv2 neighbor adjacency, key configuration parameters exchanged in Hello packets must match. Specifically, the Area ID and the Hello/Dead timer intervals must be identical on both sides of the link.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify OSPF neighbor adjacency requirements

Neighboring routers exchange Hello packets containing configuration parameters.

For an OSPF adjacency to reach FULL state, specific fields in the Hello packet must match on both routers.

Evaluate the parameters

Area ID and Hello/Dead timer intervals are mandatory matching parameters.

Router IDs must be unique per router, and Process IDs are only locally significant.

Anahtar Kavram

OSPFv2 Hello Packet Adjacency Requirements

Soru 1340Soru →

A network technician is troubleshooting an issue where a workstation connected to interface FastEthernet 0/5 is failing to reach resources in VLAN 50. VLAN 50 already exists in the VLAN database. The technician executes `show interfaces fastEthernet 0/5 switchport` and observes the following output:

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto
Operational Mode: static access
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native
Negotiation of Trunking: On
Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Which command set must be entered on interface FastEthernet 0/5 to force the port statically into access mode and assign it to VLAN 50?

switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 50

switchport access vlan 50

switchport trunk native vlan 50
switchport mode trunk

vlan 50
switchport access vlan 50

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 50

Cevap

The correct sequence under interface configuration mode is 'switchport mode access' followed by 'switchport access vlan 50'.

To properly configure an access port on Cisco IOS, the interface must be explicitly configured with 'switchport mode access' to turn off DTP negotiation and 'switchport access vlan 50' to assign the port to the designated broadcast domain.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Examine the current switchport state from the show output.

Administrative Mode is dynamic auto and Access Mode VLAN is 1.

Default Cisco Catalyst interface settings leave ports ready to negotiate trunks via DTP and assigned to default VLAN 1.

Explicitly disable DTP negotiation for trunking by setting static access mode.

Interface command 'switchport mode access' sets Administrative Mode to static access.

Access ports connecting to end-user workstations should always be statically configured as access ports for stability and security.

Assign the interface to the target VLAN.

Interface command 'switchport access vlan 50' modifies Access Mode VLAN to 50.

Places untagged host traffic from FastEthernet 0/5 into broadcast domain VLAN 50.

Anahtar Kavram

Static Access Port Configuration and Access VLAN Assignment

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