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Zorluk: OrtaEncapsulation and De-encapsulation

An enterprise web server receives an incoming HTTP request over a wired Ethernet network. Place the de-encapsulation steps performed by the receiving host's network stack in the correct chronological order from first to last.

  1. 1The Network Interface Card (NIC) converts incoming electrical signals from the physical cable into bits to reconstruct the raw Ethernet frame.
  2. 2The Data Link layer verifies the Frame Check Sequence (FCS), strips the Ethernet frame header and trailer, and inspects the EtherType field.
  3. 3The Network layer verifies that the destination IP address matches the server, removes the IP header, and evaluates the Protocol field.
  4. 4The Transport layer processes segment sequence numbers, verifies checksums, strips the TCP header, and delivers the payload to the listening web service process.

Cevap

The correct chronological sequence for de-encapsulation is: 1) NIC converts signals to raw Ethernet frame bits, 2) Data Link layer verifies FCS and strips MAC headers/trailers, 3) Network layer verifies destination IP and removes IP header, 4) Transport layer checks TCP headers and delivers payload to the application.
De-encapsulation processes inbound network traffic from the bottom of the OSI model to the top. The physical NIC first receives raw signals and converts them to bits. Next, the Data Link layer verifies frame integrity via FCS and removes Layer 2 MAC headers. Then, the Network layer inspects destination IP addresses and strips Layer 3 headers. Finally, the Transport layer processes TCP ports/checksums and hands off the bare application payload to the upper-layer web process.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify physical bit reception at Layer 1
The physical NIC processes physical signals into a raw frame.
De-encapsulation always starts at the lowest layer (Physical/Layer 1) upon arrival.
2
Process Data Link (Layer 2) header and trailer
The MAC header and FCS trailer are validated and stripped, exposing the IP packet.
Layer 2 headers must be processed and removed before lower-level network protocol headers can be read.
3
Process Network (Layer 3) header
The destination IP address is checked, the IP header is stripped, and the Protocol field indicates TCP.
Layer 3 processing routes the packet to the local host and identifies the appropriate Layer 4 protocol.
4
Process Transport (Layer 4) header and deliver to Application (Layer 7)
The TCP header is checked and removed, delivering raw HTTP payload data to port 80/443.
Transport headers manage port multiplexing and payload handoff to the application layer process.

Anahtar Kavram

De-encapsulation sequence across OSI stack (Bottom-Up: Physical → Data Link → Network → Transport → Application)
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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