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Zorluk: OrtaTroubleshooting IP Addressing and DHCP Services

An industrial IoT controller installed in a warehouse facility on VLAN 12 (subnet 10.120.12.0/2410.120.12.0/24) fails to send telemetry data to the central management server. A network technician reviews the controller's active network settings via a serial console connection and observes the following configuration details:

IP Address: 10.120.12.45
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 10.120.13.1
DHCP Server: 10.120.1.10

Which of the following root causes explains why the controller cannot communicate with servers outside its local subnet?

  1. The default gateway is configured on a different IP subnet than the host.Cevap
  2. B
    The host assigned itself an APIPA address because the DHCP server was unreachable.
  3. C
    The router interface connecting VLAN 12 lacks an IP helper address configuration.
  4. D
    The IP address 10.120.12.45 represents the broadcast address for the assigned /24 subnet.

Cevap

The default gateway address (10.120.13.1) resides outside the local subnet (10.120.12.0/24) assigned to the host, preventing remote IP routing.
For IP routing to function, a host's default gateway address must belong to the same local IP subnet defined by the host's IP address and subnet mask. Here, the host is on 10.120.12.0/24 while the gateway is configured as 10.120.13.1. As a result, the host cannot send traffic off its local network.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze host network configuration parameters
Host IP is 10.120.12.45 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0 (/24). The valid host range for this local subnet is 10.120.12.1 through 10.120.12.254.
Determines the boundaries of the host's local Layer 3 network domain.
2
Evaluate the configured default gateway IP address
The gateway is configured as 10.120.13.1, which falls into the 10.120.13.0/24 subnet.
A host must have a default gateway located on its own local subnet to resolve the gateway's MAC address via ARP.
3
Identify the communication barrier
Because the gateway IP is not on the host's local subnet, the host cannot perform ARP resolution for its default gateway, preventing packets destined for remote subnets from being forwarded.
Explains why remote telemetry traffic fails while local subnet parameters might otherwise look functional.

Anahtar Kavram

Subnet Mask and Default Gateway Adjacency
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