Match each command-line diagnostic tool invocation or output artifact to its precise troubleshooting function.
- netstat -an output indicating local socket bindings and TIME_WAIT statesInspecting active TCP connection states without incurring DNS resolution delays
- dig +trace example.com command executionPerforming a top-down iterative DNS resolution path traversal from root name servers
- arp -a cache display revealing a single MAC address mapped to two distinct IP addressesDetecting Layer 2 duplicate address assignments or active ARP spoofing on the local subnet
- pathping -q 10 192.168.1.1 command executionMeasuring hop-by-hop latency and packet loss metrics across an intermediate routed path
Cevap
netstat -an matches inspecting active TCP connection states without DNS delays; dig +trace example.com matches performing a top-down iterative DNS resolution path traversal; arp -a with duplicate MAC mappings matches detecting Layer 2 duplicate address assignments or ARP spoofing; and pathping -q 10 matches measuring hop-by-hop latency and packet loss metrics across a routed path.
Each command-line utility is accurately paired with its primary diagnostic function: netstat -an suppresses hostname resolution to view raw socket bindings and states, dig +trace steps iteratively down the DNS delegation tree, an ARP cache showing duplicate MACs highlights Layer 2 conflicts or spoofing, and pathping collects hop-by-hop loss/latency metrics over a specified sample size.
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Anahtar Kavram
Selecting and interpreting specialized command-line utility switches and outputs during multi-layer diagnostic workflows.