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Zorluk: OrtaEncapsulation and De-encapsulation

While inspecting a packet capture file on a network monitoring station, a system administrator isolates an outbound HTTPS request generated by a client host. Which of the following correctly describes the encapsulation sequence and resulting Protocol Data Units (PDUs) as the application data travels down the protocol stack from Layer 4 to Layer 2?

  1. The Layer 4 protocol appends a TCP header to form a Segment, which is encapsulated by Layer 3 into an IP Packet, and finally encapsulated by Layer 2 with a header and trailer to form a Frame.Cevap
  2. B
    The Layer 4 protocol appends an IP header to form a Packet, which is encapsulated by Layer 3 into a TCP Segment, and finally encapsulated by Layer 2 to form a Frame.
  3. C
    The Layer 4 protocol appends a TCP header to form a Frame, which is encapsulated by Layer 3 into a Packet, and finally encapsulated by Layer 2 to form a Segment.
  4. D
    The Layer 4 protocol appends a UDP header to form a Packet, which is encapsulated by Layer 2 into an Ethernet Frame, bypassing Layer 3 IP encapsulation entirely.

Cevap

The correct sequence begins with the Transport layer (Layer 4) appending a TCP header to the application payload to create a Segment. Next, the Network layer (Layer 3) adds an IP header to create a Packet. Finally, the Data Link layer (Layer 2) wraps the packet with an Ethernet header and frame check sequence trailer to create a Frame.
During outbound network transmission, data flows downward through the protocol stack. Layer 4 (Transport) appends a TCP header to application data to produce a Segment. Layer 3 (Network) wraps the Segment inside an IP header to form a Packet. Layer 2 (Data Link) wraps the Packet with an Ethernet header and trailer to form a Frame ready for physical transmission.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify Layer 4 (Transport Layer) processing
Application data receives a TCP header containing source and destination port numbers, creating a Transport layer Protocol Data Unit (PDU) known as a Segment.
HTTPS traffic utilizes TCP at Layer 4 to ensure reliable, connection-oriented delivery.
2
Identify Layer 3 (Network Layer) processing
The entire TCP Segment becomes the payload for Layer 3, where an IP header containing source and destination IP addresses is attached, creating a Packet.
Layer 3 encapsulation is required to enable logical routing across subnets.
3
Identify Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) processing
The IP Packet is encapsulated inside a Layer 2 header (containing source/destination MAC addresses) and a trailer (containing a Frame Check Sequence), creating a Frame.
Layer 2 framing prepares data for physical transmission across local network media.

Anahtar Kavram

Data Encapsulation and PDU Hierarchy
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
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Konular

Encapsulation and De-encapsulation

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