A workstation user initiates a file download request across a local network. Arrange the encapsulation processing steps executed by the host's networking stack in the correct chronological order, starting from the application request down to physical cable transmission.
- 1The application layer generates the raw data request payload.
- 2The Transport layer appends source and destination port headers to format a segment.
- 3The Network layer prepends source and destination IP addresses to create a packet.
- 4The Data Link layer encapsulates the packet into a frame with MAC addresses and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) trailer.
- 5The Physical layer encodes the frame into electrical signals transmitted across the medium.
Cevap
The correct order of encapsulation from host data creation to physical transmission is: 1) Application generates raw payload, 2) Transport layer appends port headers (segment), 3) Network layer prepends IP addresses (packet), 4) Data Link layer adds MAC header and FCS trailer (frame), and 5) Physical layer encodes bits into physical signals.
Outbound encapsulation follows a strict top-down progression through the OSI stack. The application layer creates the initial payload data. The transport layer prepends port headers to construct a transport segment. Next, the network layer adds IP addressing headers to construct a network packet. The data link layer then wraps the packet with MAC headers and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) trailer to build a data link frame. Finally, the physical layer converts the frame's binary bits into physical signals for transmission over the network medium.
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Anahtar Kavram
Top-down Data Encapsulation Sequence
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