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Zorluk: OrtaRouting Concepts and Dynamic Routing Protocols

A router's IP routing table contains four active paths capable of reaching the IP address 10.1.4.1010.1.4.10:

Prefix / SubnetRouting ProtocolAdministrative Distance
10.1.0.0/1610.1.0.0/16OSPF110110
10.1.4.0/2410.1.4.0/24EIGRP9090
10.1.4.0/2810.1.4.0/28RIPv2120120
0.0.0.0/00.0.0.0/0Static Route11

When a frame containing a packet destined for 10.1.4.1010.1.4.10 arrives at the router, which route will be selected to forward the packet?

  1. The RIPv2 route (10.1.4.0/2810.1.4.0/28), because the longest prefix match is evaluated before administrative distance.Cevap
  2. B
    The static route (0.0.0.0/00.0.0.0/0), because static routes have the lowest administrative distance value.
  3. C
    The EIGRP route (10.1.4.0/2410.1.4.0/24), because EIGRP has a lower administrative distance than OSPF and RIP for matching networks.
  4. D
    The OSPF route (10.1.0.0/1610.1.0.0/16), because link-state protocols take priority over distance-vector protocols during packet forwarding.

Cevap

The router selects the RIPv2 route (10.1.4.0/2810.1.4.0/28) because the longest prefix match (LPM) rule dictates that the route with the most specific subnet mask matching the destination IP address is always selected first.
When a router receives a packet, it performs a lookup in its forwarding table and prioritizes routes based on Longest Prefix Match (LPM). The route with the narrowest host range (longest network prefix mask length) matching the destination IP address is selected regardless of administrative distance or protocol metric. In this scenario, 10.1.4.0/2810.1.4.0/28 has 28 matching network bits, which is longer than /24/24, /16/16, or /0/0.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine which routes in the table match the destination address 10.1.4.1010.1.4.10.
All four routes (10.1.0.0/1610.1.0.0/16, 10.1.4.0/2410.1.4.0/24, 10.1.4.0/2810.1.4.0/28, and 0.0.0.0/00.0.0.0/0) enclose the IP address 10.1.4.1010.1.4.10.
Any route encompassing the IP subnet ranges can technically handle the traffic.
2
Compare prefix lengths (subnet mask bits) among matching candidate routes.
The prefix lengths are /28/28 (28 bits), /24/24 (24 bits), /16/16 (16 bits), and /0/0 (0 bits).
The longest prefix match (LPM) decision rule mandates that the most specific matching prefix (highest prefix mask length) is chosen prior to evaluating Administrative Distance or Metric.
3
Select the route with the longest prefix match.
The /28/28 prefix (10.1.4.0/2810.1.4.0/28 learned via RIPv2) is chosen as the forwarding entry.
Because /28/28 is the longest matching subnet mask, Administrative Distance is not evaluated across the differing prefix lengths.

Anahtar Kavram

Longest Prefix Match (LPM) Rule
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