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Zorluk: OrtaTroubleshooting IP Addressing and DHCP Services

A network technician is troubleshooting connectivity for a VoIP desk phone on VLAN 80 (10.80.0.0/2410.80.0.0/24). The phone boots up and receives an IP address lease, but it cannot register with the central PBX server located on VLAN 10 (10.10.0.10/2410.10.0.10/24). Running a network status command on the phone reveals the following output:

text
IPv4 Address . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.80.0.45
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . . : 10.80.1.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.80.0.1
DHCP Option 066 (TFTP Server) . . . : 10.10.0.10

Which of the following is the primary cause of the registration failure?

  1. The DHCP server configured Option 003 (Default Gateway) with an IP address on a different subnet than the host.Cevap
  2. B
    The VoIP phone failed to receive a valid DHCP lease and automatically assigned itself an APIPA address.
  3. C
    An IP helper address is missing on the router interface serving VLAN 80, preventing DHCP requests from reaching the server.
  4. D
    The assigned host IP address is invalid because it represents the broadcast address for the 10.80.0.0/2410.80.0.0/24 subnet.

Cevap

The DHCP server provided a Default Gateway address (Option 003) that resides on a different subnet (10.80.1.110.80.1.1) than the client's assigned address (10.80.0.45/2410.80.0.45/24), preventing off-subnet routing.
The client received an IP address of 10.80.0.4510.80.0.45 with a /24/24 subnet mask (255.255.255.0255.255.255.0), placing it on the 10.80.0.0/2410.80.0.0/24 subnet. The DHCP server provided Option 003 (Default Gateway) with the IP address 10.80.1.110.80.1.1, which belongs to the 10.80.1.0/2410.80.1.0/24 subnet. A host cannot forward packets to a default gateway that does not reside on its local IP subnet, which prevents the VoIP phone from routing traffic to the PBX server on VLAN 10.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the assigned IP address and subnet mask of the host
The host address is 10.80.0.4510.80.0.45 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0255.255.255.0 (/24/24). The local subnet range is 10.80.0.110.80.0.1 to 10.80.0.25410.80.0.254.
Determines the boundaries of the host's local Layer 3 broadcast domain.
2
Compare the Default Gateway IP address against the local subnet boundaries
The gateway is configured as 10.80.1.110.80.1.1, which falls outside the 10.80.0.0/2410.80.0.0/24 network range.
Hosts must send traffic destined for external networks (such as the PBX at 10.10.0.1010.10.0.10) to a default gateway located on their own local subnet.
3
Determine the impact of the subnet mismatch
The client host cannot resolve the Layer 2 MAC address of the default gateway via ARP, causing all off-subnet transmission to fail.
Identifies why communication to the PBX server on VLAN 10 fails despite receiving an IP lease.

Anahtar Kavram

DHCP Option 003 Default Gateway Subnet Mismatch Troubleshooting
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