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Zorluk: ZorEncapsulation and De-encapsulation

A packet capture utility running on a web server records an incoming frame during an active TCP session. As the operating system network stack processes this frame during inbound de-encapsulation, which sequence accurately details the order of header removal and identifies the exact Protocol Data Unit (PDU) passed directly from Network layer (Layer 3) processing up to Transport layer (Layer 4) processing?

  1. The Ethernet frame header and trailer are removed at Layer 2, delivering an IP packet payload to Layer 3; Layer 3 then validates and strips the IP header, delivering a TCP segment to Layer 4.Cevap
  2. B
    The Ethernet frame header is removed at Layer 2, delivering a TCP segment directly to Layer 3; Layer 3 then strips the IP header and delivers a packet to Layer 4.
  3. C
    The IP header is removed at Layer 2, delivering an Ethernet frame to Layer 3; Layer 3 then strips the TCP header and delivers a UDP datagram to Layer 4.
  4. D
    The Ethernet frame header and trailer are removed at Layer 2, delivering an IP packet payload to Layer 3; Layer 3 then strips the IP header and delivers a raw frame payload to Layer 4.

Cevap

The Ethernet frame header and trailer are removed at Layer 2, delivering an IP packet payload to Layer 3; Layer 3 then validates and strips the IP header, delivering a TCP segment to Layer 4.
During inbound de-encapsulation, headers are stripped sequentially from lower layers to higher layers. The host NIC operates at Layer 2, checking the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) trailer and stripping the Ethernet header/trailer. The remaining payload is an IP packet, which is handed to Layer 3. The Network layer validates IP protocol information, strips the IP header, and passes the contained TCP segment up to Layer 4 for port processing.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze incoming frame processing at Layer 2 (Data Link layer).
The network interface card (NIC) receives the bitstream, verifies the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) trailer, and strips the Ethernet header and trailer.
De-encapsulation starts at the bottom of the OSI stack, unwrapping Layer 2 framing components.
2
Identify the PDU passed from Layer 2 to Layer 3 (Network layer).
The payload delivered to Layer 3 is an IP packet.
Removing Layer 2 headers reveals the Network layer PDU, which is an IP packet.
3
Analyze Layer 3 IP header processing and delivery to Layer 4 (Transport layer).
Layer 3 verifies IP addressing, strips the IP header, and passes the remaining payload—a TCP segment—up to Layer 4.
Stripping the IP header exposes the Transport layer PDU, which for TCP traffic is designated as a segment.

Anahtar Kavram

Inbound De-encapsulation and Layered PDU Terminology
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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Encapsulation and De-encapsulation

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