Tüm alıştırma soruları

When configuring Network Address Translation (NAT) on a gateway router, which term specifically describes the private IP address assigned to an internal host before any address translation occurs?

A network technician connects five workstations and two servers directly to individual full-duplex ports on a managed Layer 2 switch. Three of the active ports are assigned to VLAN 15, and the remaining four active ports are assigned to VLAN 35. No Layer 3 routing device is present on the network. How many collision domains and broadcast domains exist on this switch?

When a non-root switch determines which interface will serve as its Root Port, it processes incoming Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) using a specific sequence of decision criteria. Place the steps taken by the switch in the correct operational order from first to last.

Match each network topology classification to its defining structural characteristic and operational failure profile.

Match each Network Address Translation (NAT) term on the left with its corresponding definition or role on the right.

A server receives an incoming network transmission where an HTTP request payload is encapsulated within a TCP segment, an IPv4 packet, and an Ethernet frame. As the destination host's operating system stack performs de-encapsulation at the Transport layer (Layer 4), which header field is inspected to deliver the inner payload to the correct server process?

A network administrator is reconfiguring a branch office network segment. The segment currently contains $118$ desktop computers, $6$ network printers, and $2$ router interface gateways. System monitoring indicates upcoming team expansion will require an additional $8$ IP addresses next month. If the administrator wants to use the smallest possible IPv4 subnet mask that accommodates all current and projected devices while reserving required network and broadcast addresses, which CIDR notation subnet mask should be applied?

Which autoconfiguration mechanism allows an IPv6 host to dynamically generate its own unicast IP address using network prefix information received in Router Advertisement (RA) messages without requiring a stateful DHCP server?

In a layer 2 switched network running IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Switch-A is elected as the Root Bridge. Switch-D is evaluating its path options to reach Switch-A and receives BPDUs on two separate interfaces:

- Interface GigabitEthernet0/1 connects to Switch-B (Bridge ID $32768\text{:0000.0000.000B}$). Switch-B advertises a Root Path Cost of $4$. The link speed between Switch-D and Switch-B is $1\text{ Gbps}$ (path cost $4$).
- Interface GigabitEthernet0/2 connects to Switch-C (Bridge ID $32768\text{:0000.0000.000A}$). Switch-C advertises a Root Path Cost of $4$. The link speed between Switch-D and Switch-C is $1\text{ Gbps}$ (path cost $4$).

Which interface on Switch-D will be selected as the Root Port, and what is the primary reason for this selection?

A network engineer is partitioning the address block $10.45.160.0/19$ to provision a new VoIP network segment that must accommodate at least $500$ IP phones. To prevent address space depletion, the engineer allocates the smallest valid subnet starting at the beginning of the block that satisfies this host capacity requirement. What is the last usable host IP address of this newly allocated subnet?

An engineer is mapping network service traffic for perimeter security monitoring. Match each network protocol on the left with its standard default port number and transport layer protocol on the right.

An enterprise network engineering team is deploying IPv6 across a new corporate VLAN. The design requirements mandate that client endpoints dynamically auto-configure their Global Unicast Address (GUA) interface identifiers using SLAAC and EUI-64 from the prefix advertised by the local default gateway. Additionally, clients must receive additional network settings—specifically IPv6 DNS server addresses and domain search lists—from a central DHCPv6 server without creating or tracking stateful IPv6 address leases on the DHCPv6 server. During initial deployment verification, client workstations correctly construct their GUA and link-local addresses but fail to receive any DNS configuration from the network. Which Router Advertisement (RA) flag configuration on the local default gateway router interface must be applied to resolve this issue?

A network administrator is troubleshooting an OSPF dynamic routing issue between two core routers connected via a point-to-point Gigabit Ethernet link. Router 1 has its interface configured with an MTU of $1500$ bytes, while Router 2 has its interface configured with an MTU of $1492$ bytes. Both interfaces share the same $/30$ subnet, OSPF Area $0$, Hello timer of $10$ seconds, and Dead timer of $40$ seconds. When reviewing the OSPF neighbor status on Router 1, the neighbor relationship remains stuck in the EXSTART/EXCHANGE state. Which of the following identifies the root cause of this neighbor state condition?

A network administrator is deploying a network of switches using the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). Currently, all switches share the default bridge priority value of $32768$. Which configuration change on a specific switch will force it to be elected as the STP root bridge?

A network engineer is configuring DHCP relay services on a Layer 3 core switch to service a newly created IoT VLAN (VLAN 50, $172.20.50.0/24$). Centralized DHCP services reside on server $192.168.10.10/24$. The engineer creates Switch Virtual Interface (SVI) `Vlan50` with IP address $172.20.50.1/24$, but accidentally applies the `ip helper-address 192.168.10.10` command to the Layer 3 point-to-point uplink interface ($172.20.100.2/30$) connected to the datacenter router instead of SVI `Vlan50`. Packet captures confirm client devices on VLAN 50 are sending DHCP DISCOVER broadcast frames, yet no relay traffic reaches the DHCP server. Which of the following best explains why the DHCP relay process fails?

A network administrator is documenting Layer 2 switch interface behaviors and VLAN features for an enterprise network deployment. Match each switching concept on the left with its correct operational description on the right.

A logistics company operates four separate fulfillment centers located within a 30-mile radius across the same city. The network engineering team connects these facilities using leased dark fiber provided by a municipal telecommunications provider to enable high-speed inter-building communication across the city. Which of the following network types best classifies this deployment?

A network administrator is managing a border router connected to a single public IP address. The router is currently configured with Port Address Translation (PAT) to allow 200 internal workstations on the private network to access the internet simultaneously. The organization installs a new internal web server at IP address $10.0.5.25$ that must be publicly accessible from the internet on standard HTTP TCP port 80. Remote external users report that connections to the web server time out, while internal workstations continue to access external websites without issue. Which network address translation configuration should the administrator implement on the router to enable inbound access to the web server without disrupting existing outbound client traffic?

A network host receives an incoming Ethernet frame containing an IP packet directed to a local service. Which TWO of the following actions correctly describe the de-encapsulation steps performed as data moves up the destination protocol stack?

A network engineer is troubleshooting IP address acquisition issues for client hosts residing on VLAN 50 ($172.16.50.0/24$). The centralized DHCP server ($10.10.10.5$) is active and reachable via ping from the core router. Packet captures indicate that client $DHCPDISCOVER$ broadcast packets are successfully arriving at the switch Virtual Interface (SVI 50), but the Layer 3 switch fails to generate and forward unicast DHCP messages to the remote DHCP server. Which of the following configuration issues on the Layer 3 switch explains why the DHCP relay agent is unable to forward the client requests?