Examkin

Networking Concepts

538 soru

Tüm türler538Çoktan seçmeli279Çoklu seçim117Sayısal19Eşleştirme95Sıralama28
Soru 321Soru →

An enterprise core network routes traffic using several dynamic interior and exterior routing protocols alongside static routing rules. Match each routing protocol or forwarding evaluation rule on the left with its exact operational metric or selection characteristic on the right.

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Öğeler

Internal BGP (iBGP)
OSPFv2
Internal EIGRP
Longest Prefix Match

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Internal BGP matches with default AD 200 and AS_PATH preservation; OSPFv2 matches with bandwidth cost metric and AD 110; Internal EIGRP matches with composite bandwidth/delay metric and AD 90; Longest Prefix Match matches with overriding all AD and metric evaluations during lookup.
Each protocol and lookup rule follows strict architectural standards: iBGP operates at AD 200, OSPF calculates cost based on bandwidth with AD 110, EIGRP uses composite metrics with AD 90, and Longest Prefix Match serves as the primary route selection criterion before AD or metrics are evaluated.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze Longest Prefix Match hierarchy
Identify that prefix mask length (/28 vs /24) takes absolute priority over Administrative Distance and routing metrics during packet forwarding.
Longest Prefix Match is evaluated first before comparing Administrative Distance among competing routes.
2
Evaluate internal BGP Administrative Distance and AS_PATH propagation
Associate iBGP with AD 200 and unchanged AS_PATH propagation.
iBGP routes have an AD of 200 (compared to eBGP's AD of 20) to ensure local IGP routes take precedence unless explicitly configured otherwise.
3
Differentiate IGP metrics and Administrative Distances (OSPF vs EIGRP)
Match OSPF to inverse bandwidth cost formula with AD 110, and EIGRP to composite vector metric (minimum bandwidth + cumulative delay) with AD 90.
OSPF evaluates link costs calculated from bandwidth, whereas EIGRP uses vector composite metrics.

Anahtar Kavram

Routing table path selection order, administrative distance hierarchy, and dynamic protocol metric calculation mechanisms.
Soru 322Soru →

A network administrator is documenting a public web server's full 128-bit IPv6 address, which is written as 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:0000:0000:0001. To ensure consistent configuration across system records, the administrator needs to condense this address using standard zero-compression rules. Which of the following represents the correctly compressed IPv6 address according to RFC 5952 standards?

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Cevap: 2001:db8:0:42::1

Cevap

2001:db8:0:42::1 is the correctly compressed IPv6 address according to RFC 5952 guidelines.
According to RFC 5952 IPv6 representation standards: 1) Leading zeros in any hexadecimal field must be removed (e.g., 0db8 becomes db8, 0042 becomes 42, 0001 becomes 1). 2) The double-colon (::) symbol must be used to compress the longest contiguous sequence of zero fields (positions 5–7). 3) Single zero fields outside the double-colon sequence must be represented as a single '0'. Therefore, 2001:db8:0:42::1 is the only valid, standard-compliant compressed form.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Remove leading zeros from each 16-bit hexadecimal field.
2001:0db8 becomes 2001:db8, 0000 becomes 0, 0042 becomes 42, and 0001 becomes 1.
RFC 5952 requires leading zeros in any four-digit hexadecimal group to be omitted.
2
Identify all contiguous runs of zero fields and locate the longest sequence.
The address contains two zero sequences: one single zero field at position 3 (0), and a contiguous run of three zero fields at positions 5, 6, and 7 (0000:0000:0000).
The double-colon (::) must be used to replace the longest contiguous run of 16-bit zero fields.
3
Replace the longest run of zero fields with a single double-colon (::) and keep single zero fields as '0'.
The sequence 0000:0000:0000 becomes ::, resulting in 2001:db8:0:42::1.
Using :: more than once creates ambiguity regarding how many zero fields were compressed.

Anahtar Kavram

IPv6 Address Compression and Canonical Representation (RFC 5952)
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 323Soru →

Match each Layer 2 switching concept on the left with its corresponding operational description on the right.

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Öğeler

802.1Q Tagging
Native VLAN
Port Security
PortFast

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

802.1Q Tagging matches inserting a 4-byte VLAN header; Native VLAN matches carrying untagged traffic; Port Security matches MAC address restriction; PortFast matches bypassing STP listening and learning states.
Each concept pairs directly with its functional definition: 802.1Q tagging adds VLAN identification headers over trunks, Native VLAN transports untagged frames, Port Security restricts access by MAC address, and PortFast bypasses intermediate STP convergence states for faster link availability.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze trunk encapsulation mechanisms.
802.1Q encapsulation modifies standard Ethernet frames by inserting a 4-byte VLAN header containing a 12-bit VLAN ID.
This allows switches to identify traffic belonging to specific VLANs across shared trunk connections.
2
Examine untagged frame handling over trunk lines.
Untagged frames belong to the Native VLAN, which transports them across 802.1Q trunks without adding headers.
Native VLAN configuration allows backward compatibility with legacy non-tagging switch ports and control protocols.
3
Evaluate Layer 2 access control features.
Port Security controls ingress traffic based on configured or dynamically learned MAC addresses.
It prevents unauthorized endpoints from sending traffic by taking restrict, protect, or shutdown actions upon violation.
4
Review Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) convergence optimization.
PortFast enables immediate transition to the forwarding state for edge ports.
Edge connections to end-user workstations do not form switching loops, making listening and learning delays unnecessary.

Anahtar Kavram

Switching Concepts and VLAN Operations
Soru 324Soru →

A network administrator is configuring a small internal network and needs a basic distance-vector dynamic routing protocol that uses hop count as its sole metric for path selection. Which of the following dynamic routing protocols meets this requirement?

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Cevap: Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Cevap

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector protocol that measures path cost purely using hop count.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a traditional distance-vector interior gateway protocol that measures distance purely in terms of hop count, where each router along the path counts as one hop.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the routing protocol category and path selection criteria specified in the scenario.
The requirement calls for a distance-vector protocol using hop count as its metric.
Different dynamic routing protocols use distinct metrics to calculate best paths.
2
Evaluate the metric calculation method of each candidate protocol.
RIP counts the number of routers (hops) to the destination. OSPF uses bandwidth cost, EIGRP uses composite bandwidth/delay, and BGP uses path attributes.
Matching the metric mechanism identifies the correct protocol.

Anahtar Kavram

Routing Metrics and Dynamic Routing Protocols
Soru 325Soru →

A network administrator connects two enterprise switches, Switch-Alpha and Switch-Beta, via an 802.1Q trunk link. Switch-Alpha is configured with a bridge priority of 28672 for VLAN 50, while Switch-Beta retains the default bridge priority of 32768 for VLAN 50. Additionally, the trunk port on Switch-Alpha has a native VLAN of 50, whereas the trunk port on Switch-Beta is configured with a native VLAN of 1. Which TWO of the following statements correctly describe the Layer 2 behavior and spanning tree status of this configuration?

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Cevap: Switch-Alpha will be elected as the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Root Bridge for VLAN 50 because it possesses a lower numerical bridge priority than Switch-Beta.; A native VLAN mismatch error will occur because the native VLAN configurations on opposing ends of the 802.1Q trunk do not match.

Cevap

The correct statements are that Switch-Alpha will be elected as the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Root Bridge for VLAN 50 due to its lower bridge priority, and a native VLAN mismatch error will be generated due to inconsistent native VLAN settings across the trunk link.
Switch-Alpha has a lower numerical bridge priority value (28672 vs 32768), which wins the STP root bridge election for VLAN 50. Simultaneously, configuring native VLAN 50 on one end of an 802.1Q trunk and native VLAN 1 on the other creates an operational native VLAN mismatch.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) root bridge election criteria.
STP selects the root bridge based on the lowest Bridge ID (Bridge Priority + MAC address). Switch-Alpha (28672) has a lower priority value than Switch-Beta (32768), making Switch-Alpha the root bridge for VLAN 50.
Lower priority numbers represent higher precedence in STP root bridge selection.
2
Analyze the 802.1Q trunk port configuration parameters on both switches.
Switch-Alpha uses native VLAN 50 while Switch-Beta uses native VLAN 1. This inconsistency generates a native VLAN mismatch diagnostic notification.
IEEE 802.1Q trunks must share identical native VLAN configurations on both connected interfaces to handle untagged traffic correctly.

Anahtar Kavram

STP Root Bridge Priority Selection and 802.1Q Native VLAN Trunk Consistency
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 326Soru →

A network administrator is auditing the core infrastructure configuration for a enterprise environment with centralized network services. Centralized DHCP and DNS servers are deployed on VLAN 10 (10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.0/24), while client endpoints reside on remote VLAN 20 (10.10.20.0/2410.10.20.0/24) and utilize dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 addressing. Which TWO of the following administrative configurations or operational mechanisms are necessary to enable clients on VLAN 20 to automatically obtain valid IPv4 lease configurations and dynamically register their hostnames in name resolution services? (Select TWO.)

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Cevap: Configuring an IP helper address (DHCP relay) on the VLAN 20 gateway interface pointing to the unicast IP address of the DHCP server; Enabling Dynamic DNS (DDNS) integration between the DHCP server and the DNS server to update A and AAAA records automatically upon lease issuance

Cevap

The required mechanisms are configuring an IP helper address on the remote gateway interface to forward DHCP broadcasts across subnets, and configuring Dynamic DNS (DDNS) integration to update DNS records automatically upon lease issuance.
To allow client endpoints on VLAN 20 to receive dynamic IP address assignments from a DHCP server located on VLAN 10, the Layer 3 interface (gateway) for VLAN 20 must be configured with an IP helper address (DHCP relay agent) to convert local broadcasts into routed unicast traffic. Additionally, to ensure these dynamically addressed hosts can be resolved by name, Dynamic DNS (DDNS) must be enabled so that the DHCP server automatically registers and updates the host's A (IPv4) and AAAA (IPv6) records on the DNS server upon issuing a lease.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the Layer 3 boundary requirement for DHCP broadcast traffic.
Identified that clients on VLAN 20 (10.10.20.0/2410.10.20.0/24) send DHCPDISCOVER as Layer 2/3 broadcasts, which routers drop by default. An IP helper address must be configured on the default gateway to relay DHCP traffic across subnets to the server on VLAN 10.
DHCP relay agents convert local broadcast requests into unicast packets routed directly to the DHCP server.
2
Analyze the requirement for dynamic hostname registration.
Identified that Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows the DHCP server or clients to automatically notify the DNS server to create or update resource records whenever an IP lease is granted.
Without DDNS, client name resolution requires manual DNS administration for dynamic endpoints.
3
Evaluate the incorrect options based on networking protocols and service roles.
PTR records perform reverse lookups (not forward lookups), APIPA indicates DHCP discovery failure and cannot be routed, and Port 23 is Telnet rather than DHCP UDP ports 67/68.
Verifies that distractors contain fundamental protocol or misconfiguration errors.

Anahtar Kavram

IP Addressing Services (DHCP Relay and DDNS)
Soru 327Soru →

A network technician is configuring traffic inspection policy on a next-generation firewall to monitor operations occurring specifically at Layer 4 of the OSI model. Which of the following primary functions takes place at this layer of the OSI model?

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Cevap: Segmenting data streams from higher layers and providing optional connection-oriented reliability or flow control.

Cevap

Segmenting data streams from higher layers and providing optional connection-oriented reliability or flow control.
The correct option highlights the fundamental duties of the Transport Layer (Layer 4). Layer 4 is responsible for breaking upper-layer application data into manageable segments, reassembling them at the destination, and managing mechanisms such as flow control, sequence numbering, and error recovery (via protocols like TCP).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the requested OSI layer from the question stem.
The target layer specified is Layer 4 (the Transport Layer).
The firewall rule context requires identifying the exact functional boundary of Layer 4.
2
Analyze the functional responsibilities of Layer 4.
Layer 4 handles end-to-end transport functions such as segmentation, flow control, multiplexing via port numbers, and optional connection reliability (e.g., TCP acknowledgments).
This establishes the core operation separating transport functions from lower physical/network routing layers and upper presentation/application layers.
3
Evaluate the option descriptions to select the correct functional matching.
The selection describing segmentation of data streams and flow control correctly matches Layer 4 functions.
All other options describe operations belonging to Layer 6 (Presentation), Layer 3 (Network), and Layer 2 (Data Link).

Anahtar Kavram

OSI Layer 4 (Transport Layer) Functions
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 328Soru →

A network administrator is analyzing an existing office layout where all workstations are physically connected via individual twisted-pair cables to a central legacy hub. While the cable layout forms a star shape, users report frequent transmission slowdowns caused by data frame collisions during high-traffic periods. Which of the following best describes the logical topology operating within this network?

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Cevap: Logical bus, because the central hub repeats signals to all attached ports, creating a single shared collision domain.

Cevap

Logical bus, because the central hub repeats signals to all attached ports, creating a single shared collision domain.
While the physical cabling radiates outward from a central hub to form a physical star, hubs function at Layer 1 of the OSI model by repeating all incoming traffic to all active ports. As a result, all connected endpoints share a single collision domain, which defines a logical bus topology.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the physical cable layout described in the scenario.
Individual cables radiate from a central device to workstations, forming a physical star topology.
Physical topology represents the physical arrangement of cabling and device connections.
2
Determine how data flows internally through a network hub.
A legacy hub operates at Layer 1 and repeats incoming electrical signals to every active port.
Logical topology describes how data actually travels across the network medium.
3
Match the device behavior to its corresponding logical topology.
Because all nodes receive every transmission and contend for the same medium, the network operates as a logical bus.
A physical star with a central hub forms a logical bus network.

Anahtar Kavram

Physical vs. Logical Topologies (Hub-based Ethernet)
Soru 329Soru →

A network technician is configuring an enterprise router to forward client DHCP requests from a newly created VLAN to a centralized DHCP server situated on a remote management subnet. Clients on the new VLAN are currently receiving APIPA addresses because Layer 3 routers block broadcast traffic by default. Which configuration action on the router interface serving the new VLAN will successfully enable host IP addressing from the central server?

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Cevap: Configure an IP Helper address on the VLAN interface to relay DHCP broadcast frames as unicast UDP packets to the remote server IP address.

Cevap

Configuring an IP Helper address on the VLAN interface to relay DHCP broadcast frames as unicast UDP packets to the remote server IP address.
DHCP clients initiate address acquisition using local broadcast messages (DHCPDISCOVER). Because routers do not forward broadcast packets between subnets, a DHCP relay agent (configured via an IP helper command on the router's local VLAN interface) must intercept these broadcasts and forward them as unicast UDP traffic to the centralized DHCP server.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client symptom and network architecture
Clients receiving 169.254.x.x169.254.x.x (APIPA) indicates that DHCPDISCOVER broadcasts are failing to reach a DHCP server.
Routers drop Layer 2/3 broadcast frames by default to prevent broadcast storms across subnets.
2
Identify the required service component for cross-subnet DHCP functionality
A DHCP Relay Agent (IP Helper) must be placed on the default gateway interface of the local client VLAN.
The relay agent listens for incoming DHCP client broadcasts and forwards them as unicast UDP traffic (destination port 67) to the remote DHCP server IP address.

Anahtar Kavram

DHCP Relay Agent / IP Helper Operations
Soru 330Soru →

A computer connected to Switch 1 on an access port assigned to VLAN 40 sends a unicast Ethernet frame to a server connected to Switch 2 on an access port also assigned to VLAN 40. The two switches are interconnected by an 802.1Q trunk link where VLAN 40 is configured as the native VLAN on both sides. What happens to the IEEE 802.1Q header of the frame as it travels from the sending computer to the receiving server?

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Cevap: The frame remains untagged throughout its entire transmission from the source computer to the destination server.

Cevap

The frame remains untagged throughout its entire transmission from the source computer to the destination server.
Under the IEEE 802.1Q standard, traffic associated with the native VLAN is sent across a trunk link untagged. Since the sending host sends an untagged frame, Switch 1 forwards it untagged across the trunk, and Switch 2 delivers it untagged to the receiving server, the frame stays untagged along the entire path.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze host-to-switch egress on access port
The source computer sends a standard untagged Ethernet frame to Switch 1.
Standard end hosts on access ports do not append IEEE 802.1Q tags to outgoing Ethernet frames.
2
Determine trunk encapsulation behavior for the native VLAN
Switch 1 identifies the frame as belonging to VLAN 40, which matches the native VLAN of the 802.1Q trunk, and forwards it across the trunk link without adding a tag.
By default under the IEEE 802.1Q standard, frames belonging to the native VLAN are forwarded untagged across trunk links.
3
Analyze trunk ingress and access port egress on the receiving switch
Switch 2 receives the untagged frame on its trunk port, maps it to its native VLAN (VLAN 40), and delivers it untagged out the destination access port to the server.
Untagged frames received on an 802.1Q trunk port are automatically placed into the configured native VLAN.

Anahtar Kavram

802.1Q Native VLAN Trunking Behavior
Tahmini Süre:1m 15s
Soru 331Soru →

A network administrator needs to update access control list rules to permit network file transfer services. Which of the following default transport protocols and port numbers are correctly matched with their protocol? (Select TWO.)

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Cevap: TFTP using UDP port 69; SFTP using TCP port 22

Cevap

The correct choices are 'TFTP using UDP port 69' and 'SFTP using TCP port 22'.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) operates on UDP port 69 to perform unauthenticated, low-overhead file transfers. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) operates over SSH, which uses TCP port 22 to encrypt authentication and data transfer.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the transport protocol and default port for TFTP.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) uses UDP at port 69.
TFTP relies on connectionless UDP to minimize protocol overhead during simple file transfers.
2
Identify the transport protocol and default port for SFTP.
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) uses TCP at port 22.
SFTP runs inside an SSH tunnel, inheriting SSH's reliance on TCP port 22.
3
Evaluate the remaining options.
FTP uses TCP (not UDP), and HTTPS uses port 443 (not port 80).
Standard FTP requires reliable TCP state management, and HTTPS defaults to port 443.

Anahtar Kavram

Common Network Ports and Transport Protocols for File Transfer
Soru 332Soru →

A network technician is configuring an interface on a router for a subnet assigned the /28/28 CIDR prefix. Which of the following statements regarding this subnet prefix are correct? (Select TWO.)

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Cevap: The subnet mask in dotted-decimal notation is 255.255.255.240255.255.255.240.; The total number of usable host IP addresses available on the subnet is 14.

Cevap

The statement that the subnet mask in dotted-decimal notation is 255.255.255.240 and the statement that the total number of usable host IP addresses is 14 are correct.
For a /28/28 prefix, 2828 bits belong to the network identifier, leaving 44 host bits (32−28=432 - 28 = 4). In dotted-decimal notation, 28 mask bits translate to 255.255.255.240255.255.255.240 because 128+64+32+16=240128 + 64 + 32 + 16 = 240. The usable host capacity is calculated using the formula 2h−2=24−2=142^h - 2 = 2^4 - 2 = 14.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the subnet mask in dotted-decimal notation.
Prefix length /28/28 means 28 network bits and 32−28=432 - 28 = 4 host bits. The binary mask is `11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000`, which translates to 255.255.255.240255.255.255.240.
Converting CIDR prefix length to octets yields the dotted-decimal subnet mask.
2
Calculate the number of usable host IP addresses.
Total IP addresses = 24=162^4 = 16. Usable host addresses = 24−2=142^4 - 2 = 14.
The network address (all host bits 0) and the broadcast address (all host bits 1) cannot be assigned to individual hosts.

Anahtar Kavram

Subnet Mask Dotted-Decimal Conversion and Usable Host IP Calculation
Soru 333Soru →

A network administrator is evaluating protocol functions within an enterprise network infrastructure. Which of the following operations take place specifically at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model? (Select TWO.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Determining optimal path selection for data delivery across interconnected subnets using routing algorithms; Formatting data units into IP packets and applying logical source and destination addresses

Cevap

Determining optimal path selection for data delivery across interconnected subnets using routing algorithms, and formatting data units into IP packets and applying logical source and destination addresses.
The Network Layer (Layer 3) is responsible for end-to-end logical host addressing and path determination (routing) across interconnected subnets. Consequently, encapsulating data into packets with logical IP addresses and routing those packets across networks are the correct Layer 3 operations.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary scope of the Network Layer (Layer 3) in the OSI model.
Layer 3 handles logical addressing and path determination across multi-segment networks.
The core purpose of Layer 3 is to enable inter-network host communication beyond local broadcast domains.
2
Analyze each proposed function against OSI layer boundaries.
Routing paths and IP packet addressing belong to Layer 3. MAC addressing belongs to Layer 2, while TCP/UDP port multiplexing and flow control belong to Layer 4.
Differentiating physical hardware addresses, logical network addresses, and transport ports clarifies proper layer assignment.

Anahtar Kavram

OSI Model Layer 3 (Network Layer) Responsibilities
Soru 334Soru →

A network administrator is deploying core IP addressing services in a multi-subnet corporate office. Workstations are located on VLAN 10 (10.10.10.0/2410.10.10.0/24), while the centralized DHCP server resides on VLAN 50 (10.10.50.0/2410.10.50.0/24). Users on VLAN 10 report that their systems are failing to receive dynamic IP address assignments. Upon reviewing the configuration on the Layer 3 switch bridging these subnets, the administrator discovers that the command `ip helper-address 10.10.50.5` was placed exclusively under the VLAN 50 interface rather than the VLAN 10 Switch Virtual Interface (SVI). Which of the following best explains why clients on VLAN 10 are unable to obtain IP addresses?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The Layer 3 switch does not intercept client DHCP broadcast requests unless the relay command is enabled on the client-facing gateway interface.

Cevap

The Layer 3 switch does not intercept client DHCP broadcast requests unless the relay command is enabled on the client-facing gateway interface.
DHCP clients broadcast their initial lease requests (DHCPDISCOVER) onto their local subnet (VLAN 10). Because Layer 3 routers do not forward broadcasts, a DHCP relay agent (`ip helper-address`) must be configured on the ingress interface facing the clients (VLAN 10 SVI). The relay agent converts the broadcast into a unicast packet addressed directly to the DHCP server (10.10.50.510.10.50.5). When configured only on VLAN 50, the router never intercepts the broadcasts generated by hosts on VLAN 10.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze how DHCP discovery messages travel across Layer 3 boundaries.
Workstations send DHCPDISCOVER packets as local Layer 2/3 broadcasts (255.255.255.255255.255.255.255). Routers block broadcast traffic by default.
Broadcast traffic cannot cross subnets without an intermediary service.
2
Identify where the DHCP relay agent must listen.
The `ip helper-address` directive configures the router interface to listen for incoming UDP port 67 broadcasts on that specific interface.
Because the broadcast originates on VLAN 10, the configuration must exist on the VLAN 10 interface to catch incoming client requests.
3
Evaluate the current configuration placement.
Placing `ip helper-address` on VLAN 50 only listens for broadcasts originating on VLAN 50, leaving VLAN 10 broadcasts unhandled and dropped at the gateway.
Relaying requires listening on the ingress interface facing the requesting clients.

Anahtar Kavram

DHCP Relay / IP Helper Address Interface Placement
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 335Soru →

Match each physical or logical network layout description to its corresponding topology classification.

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Öğeler

Every node maintains a dedicated point-to-point physical connection to every other node on the network, offering maximum fault tolerance.
All peripheral devices connect directly to a single central intermediate device, such as a switch or hub.
Devices are connected in a continuous closed loop, passing signals or tokens sequentially from one node to the next.
Devices share a single central coaxial or fiber trunk line that requires impedance terminators at both physical ends.

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Full Mesh Topology pairs with the description of dedicated point-to-point connections between every node. Star Topology pairs with peripheral devices connected directly to a central intermediate device. Ring Topology pairs with devices connected in a continuous closed loop passing traffic sequentially. Bus Topology pairs with devices sharing a single central trunk line requiring terminators.
Each description accurately reflects the physical characteristics of its respective topology: full mesh provides complete point-to-point links between all nodes, star connects nodes to a central hub/switch, ring passes traffic sequentially in a circular arrangement, and bus uses a shared single trunk with terminators.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the topology providing complete point-to-point redundancy across all nodes.
Full Mesh Topology matched.
Full mesh networks connect every host directly to every other host.
2
Identify the topology centered around a central network switch or hub.
Star Topology matched.
Star architecture routes all traffic from peripheral endpoints through a central device.
3
Identify the topology operating in a sequential circular loop.
Ring Topology matched.
Ring networks transmit packets/tokens sequentially from host to host around a circle.
4
Identify the topology using a single terminated trunk line.
Bus Topology matched.
Bus networks connect all endpoints to a single shared cable terminated at both ends to prevent signal reflection.

Anahtar Kavram

Physical Network Topologies
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 336Soru →

A network engineer is provisioning subnets from the assigned address block 10.150.48.0/2210.150.48.0/22 for a branch deployment. The primary VLAN requires capacity for up to 115115 IP phones. The engineer allocates the smallest valid CIDR subnet block that satisfies this requirement starting at 10.150.48.010.150.48.0. What is the broadcast address of the second subnet of the exact same prefix length immediately following the primary VLAN's subnet?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 10.150.48.25510.150.48.255

Cevap

The broadcast address of the second /25/25 subnet is 10.150.48.25510.150.48.255.
The primary VLAN requires 115 hosts. Factoring in the network and broadcast addresses (115+2=117115 + 2 = 117), the smallest accommodating block size is 128 addresses, which corresponds to a /25/25 subnet mask. The first /25/25 subnet occupies 10.150.48.010.150.48.0 to 10.150.48.12710.150.48.127. The second /25/25 subnet occupies 10.150.48.12810.150.48.128 to 10.150.48.25510.150.48.255. The last address in this second block (10.150.48.25510.150.48.255) is its broadcast address.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the required IP address capacity.
115 IP phones require at least 115+2=117115 + 2 = 117 total IP addresses (accounting for network and broadcast IDs).
Each subnet reserves the first IP address as the network ID and the last IP address as the broadcast ID.
2
Select the smallest matching CIDR prefix length.
The smallest power of 2 greater than or equal to 117 is 27=1282^7 = 128. A block size of 128 corresponds to a /25/25 mask (32−7=2532 - 7 = 25).
Using a /25/25 subnet provides 126 usable host IP addresses, which satisfies the 115 host requirement without wasting space.
3
Calculate the IP range of the first subnet block.
Subnet 1 spans from 10.150.48.010.150.48.0 to 10.150.48.12710.150.48.127, with 10.150.48.12710.150.48.127 as its broadcast address.
Adding 128 IP addresses starting at 10.150.48.010.150.48.0 covers 00 through 127127 in the fourth octet.
4
Identify the IP range and broadcast address of the second subnet block.
Subnet 2 begins immediately after Subnet 1 at 10.150.48.128/2510.150.48.128/25 and ends at 10.150.48.25510.150.48.255. The broadcast address is 10.150.48.25510.150.48.255.
The second block of 128 IP addresses spans 128128 through 255255 in the fourth octet.

Anahtar Kavram

Subnet Block Sizing and Broadcast Address Calculation
Soru 337Soru →

A network administrator is configuring internal perimeter firewall rules between two subnets. Hosts on Subnet A can successfully resolve domain names using the primary DNS server on Subnet B via standard queries. However, a secondary DNS server on Subnet A fails to perform complete zone database transfers (AXFR) from the primary server. Which transport protocol and destination port combination must be permitted on the firewall to allow secondary DNS zone transfers to succeed?

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Cevap: TCP port 53

Cevap

TCP port 53 must be permitted on the firewall to enable DNS zone replication between primary and secondary servers.
Standard client DNS queries rely on UDP port 53 for fast, lightweight name resolution. However, zone transfers (AXFR/IXFR) involve replicating entire DNS database records between servers, which demands the connection reliability, error checking, and data framing provided by TCP port 53.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Differentiate between client DNS resolution and DNS zone transfers.
Client resolution requests use small Datagram PDU traffic, whereas zone transfers (AXFR) transmit complete resource record databases.
Small lookup requests fit within standard UDP packet size limits, while database sync requires guaranteed packet delivery.
2
Determine transport protocol requirements for bulk zone data.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ensures in-order delivery and retransmission of lost packets during database replication.
Connectionless UDP cannot guarantee integrity for large, multi-packet zone file syncs.
3
Identify the required port and protocol pair.
DNS uses port 53 for both transport protocols; zone transfers specifically operate over TCP port 53.
Permitting TCP port 53 through the firewall resolves the secondary DNS server synchronization failure.

Anahtar Kavram

DNS Transport Protocol Selection (UDP 53 vs TCP 53)
Soru 338Soru →

A system engineer is configuring a network firewall rule to allow remote desktop management connections to a centralized Windows server host. Which of the following port and transport protocol combinations must be permitted through the firewall?

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Cevap: TCP port 3389

Cevap

TCP port 3389 is the default transport protocol and port used by Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) utilizes TCP port 3389 by default to establish connection-oriented graphical administration sessions to Windows systems.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the target network service required by the scenario
The scenario requires permitting Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) traffic.
Firewall rules must correspond to the specific protocol and port assigned to remote desktop management.
2
Identify the default port number and transport layer protocol for RDP
RDP uses TCP port 3389 by default.
Standard network specifications assign TCP port 3389 for reliable graphical remote management.

Anahtar Kavram

Common Ports and Protocols - Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Soru 339Soru →

A network engineer is configuring a point-to-point serial link between two routers and assigns the IPv4 subnet prefix /30/30. What is the maximum number of usable host IPv4 addresses available on this subnet?

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Cevap: 2

Cevap

The maximum number of usable host IPv4 addresses on a /30/30 subnet is 2.
A /30/30 CIDR prefix leaves 2 bits for host addressing (32−30=232 - 30 = 2). Calculating total addresses yields 22=42^2 = 4. Subtracting 2 for the unassignable network and broadcast addresses results in exactly 2 usable host IP addresses, making /30/30 subnets standard for point-to-point links.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the number of host bits.
Host bits = 32−30=232 - 30 = 2.
An IPv4 address consists of 32 bits. Subtracting the prefix length gives the remaining bits dedicated to host addressing.
2
Calculate the total number of IP addresses in the subnet.
Total IP addresses = 22=42^2 = 4.
The total capacity of a subnet is 2h2^h, where hh is the number of host bits.
3
Calculate usable host addresses by subtracting reserved addresses.
Usable host addresses = 4−2=24 - 2 = 2.
The first address is the network identifier and the last address is the broadcast address; neither can be assigned to host interfaces.

Anahtar Kavram

Calculating usable host count for a given CIDR prefix
Soru 340Soru →

A network administrator needs to deploy several network-attached printers across multiple subnets. The printers must consistently maintain the same IP addresses for administrative routing and access control purposes, but the administrator wants to manage all IP configuration settings from a central server rather than manually configuring static entries on each physical device. Which IP addressing service feature should the administrator configure to satisfy these requirements?

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Cevap: A DHCP reservation mapped to each printer's media access control (MAC) address

Cevap

Configuring a DHCP reservation mapped to each printer's unique MAC address ensures consistent IP address assignment while retaining centralized network management.
A DHCP reservation allows a network administrator to configure fixed IP addresses for specific devices using their physical hardware (MAC) address. This maintains consistent addressing for services like network printing while centralizing control, lease options, and gateway definitions within the DHCP management console.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the operational requirements
Identified the requirement for fixed IP addressing combined with centralized administration.
Manual static IP assignment on devices increases administrative overhead and prevents centralized management.
2
Evaluate DHCP service features
A DHCP reservation binds a specific IP address within a DHCP scope to a device's unique MAC address.
This guarantees that whenever the device requests an IP lease, the DHCP server hands out the designated reserved IP address along with standard scope options.

Anahtar Kavram

DHCP Reservations and IP Address Management
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