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Zorluk: OrtaHost, Network, and Architecture Vulnerabilities

A security engineer inspects a vulnerability scan report and port listing for a building automation system (BAS) controller deployed on an internal VLAN (172.16.45.10):

PORT STATE SERVICE REASON
23/tcp open telnet Unencrypted interactive management shell
80/tcp open http Embedded Web Server (Cleartext HTTP Basic Auth)
502/tcp open modbus Modbus TCP (Industrial protocol without built-in authentication)

Which of the following architectural and host vulnerabilities are present on this system? (Select TWO.)

  1. Transmission of management credentials and administrative traffic across unencrypted communication protocolsCevap
  2. B
    SQL injection vulnerability within the web server allowing unauthorized database query manipulation
  3. Exposure of unauthenticated operational technology protocols directly accessible on the networkCevap
  4. D
    Misclassification of a detective intrusion detection control as a preventive access control mechanism
  5. E
    Application of host-based firewall rules to mitigate memory corruption and buffer overflow flaws

Cevap

The correct vulnerabilities are the transmission of management credentials across unencrypted communication protocols and the exposure of unauthenticated operational technology protocols directly accessible on the network.
The system exhibits two primary vulnerabilities: legacy unencrypted protocols (Telnet and HTTP) that transmit session data and administrative credentials in plaintext, and the deployment of Modbus TCP on port 502, an industrial control system protocol that inherently lacks native authentication mechanisms.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the service findings for cleartext transport protocols
Ports 23 (Telnet) and 80 (HTTP) indicate cleartext management channels that expose credentials to interception.
Telnet and HTTP pass data in unencrypted format.
2
Analyze protocol security characteristics for industrial service ports
Port 502 (Modbus TCP) exposes an operational technology protocol lacking native authentication controls.
Legacy SCADA/ICS protocols rely on network isolation rather than protocol-level identity verification.

Anahtar Kavram

Host and Network Vulnerabilities in Cleartext Services and Legacy ICS Protocols
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