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Zorluk: OrtaStrengthening Arguments

To combat urban air pollution, the municipal transit authority of a major city plans to replace its entire fleet of diesel buses with electric buses powered by lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) batteries. Opponents of the plan argue that the frequent fast-charging required during peak operational hours will cause rapid battery degradation, forcing costly battery replacements within three years and rendering the transition economically unviable. However, transit officials maintain that the transition will substantially lower overall fleet maintenance costs over a ten-year period. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the transit officials' contention?

  1. Lithium-iron-phosphate batteries subjected to frequent fast-charging in transit conditions retain over 85 percent of their initial operational capacity after eight years of service.Cevap
  2. B
    Specialized high-voltage fast-charging stations require annual equipment inspections that cost significantly more than routine maintenance for diesel fueling stations.
  3. C
    Passengers surveyed on existing electric transit routes in neighboring cities reported higher satisfaction levels regarding cabin noise than passengers on diesel routes.
  4. D
    The municipal transit authority currently allocates thirty percent of its annual operating budget to purchasing diesel fuel.
  5. E
    Modern diesel engine technology has significantly reduced particulate emissions compared to models manufactured a decade ago.

Cevap

The statement showing that lithium-iron-phosphate batteries retain over 85 percent of their capacity after eight years of frequent fast-charging provides the strongest support for the transit officials' claim.
The transit officials claim that transitioning to electric buses will reduce maintenance costs over a 10-year period, while opponents argue that battery degradation within 3 years will destroy any financial benefit. The option stating that LFP batteries maintain over 85 percent capacity after 8 years of fast-charging directly disproves the opponents' premise of early failure and provides factual backing for the officials' 10-year savings projection.

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1
Analyze the argument structure
Premise: Switching to electric buses reduces pollution, but opponents claim frequent fast-charging degrades batteries within 3 years, causing high replacement costs. Conclusion: Transit officials contend the switch will substantially lower overall fleet maintenance costs over 10 years.
Identifying the conclusion and the opponents' counter-argument is essential to determine what assumption needs support.
2
Identify the weakness or gap in the argument
The officials' conclusion depends on overcoming the opponents' premise that rapid battery degradation within 3 years will negate long-term savings.
A strong supporting premise must rule out the primary financial obstacle raised by the opponents.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the statement that solidifies the officials' conclusion
Showing empirically that LFP batteries endure eight years of fast-charging with minimal capacity loss directly removes the opponents' objection and supports the 10-year savings claim.
Demonstrating data reliability and battery durability bridges the gap between battery life expectancy and 10-year cost reductions.

Anahtar Kavram

Strengthening Arguments by Ruling Out Alternative Vulnerabilities and Invalidating Opponents' Premises
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Konular

Strengthening Arguments

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