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Zorluk: OrtaInequalities and Absolute Value Equations

If xx is an integer such that ∣x−3∣+∣x+5∣≤12|x - 3| + |x + 5| \le 12, how many possible values of xx exist?

Cevap: 13

Cevap

13
Evaluating the inequality ∣x−3∣+∣x+5∣≤12|x - 3| + |x + 5| \le 12 across the three intervals defined by critical points x=−5x = -5 and x=3x = 3 yields the continuous real solution set [−7,5][-7, 5]. Counting all integers in this inclusive range gives 5−(−7)+1=135 - (-7) + 1 = 13 possible values.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the critical points of the absolute value expressions.
The critical points where the expressions inside the absolute values change sign are x=3x = 3 and x=−5x = -5.
Setting x−3=0x - 3 = 0 gives x=3x = 3, and setting x+5=0x + 5 = 0 gives x=−5x = -5.
2
Solve the inequality for the region x<−5x < -5.
−(x−3)−(x+5)≤12  ⟹  −2x−2≤12  ⟹  −2x≤14  ⟹  x≥−7-(x - 3) - (x + 5) \le 12 \implies -2x - 2 \le 12 \implies -2x \le 14 \implies x \ge -7. Thus, −7≤x<−5-7 \le x < -5.
When x<−5x < -5, both x−3<0x - 3 < 0 and x+5<0x + 5 < 0, so ∣x−3∣=−(x−3)|x - 3| = -(x - 3) and ∣x+5∣=−(x+5)|x + 5| = -(x + 5).
3
Solve the inequality for the region −5≤x≤3-5 \le x \le 3.
−(x−3)+(x+5)≤12  ⟹  8≤12-(x - 3) + (x + 5) \le 12 \implies 8 \le 12, which is universally true for all xx in this interval.
When −5≤x≤3-5 \le x \le 3, x−3≤0x - 3 \le 0 and x+5≥0x + 5 \ge 0, so ∣x−3∣=−(x−3)|x - 3| = -(x - 3) and ∣x+5∣=x+5|x + 5| = x + 5.
4
Solve the inequality for the region x>3x > 3.
(x−3)+(x+5)≤12  ⟹  2x+2≤12  ⟹  2x≤10  ⟹  x≤5(x - 3) + (x + 5) \le 12 \implies 2x + 2 \le 12 \implies 2x \le 10 \implies x \le 5. Thus, 3<x≤53 < x \le 5.
When x>3x > 3, both x−3>0x - 3 > 0 and x+5>0x + 5 > 0.
5
Combine the valid intervals and count the integer solutions.
The full solution range is [−7,5][-7, 5]. The number of integer values is 5−(−7)+1=135 - (-7) + 1 = 13.
The number of integers in an inclusive range [a,b][a, b] is given by b−a+1b - a + 1.

Anahtar Kavram

Solving multi-term absolute value inequalities by dividing the domain at critical points into distinct cases.
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