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Zorluk: OrtaIdentifying Must-Be-True Statements and Valid Deductions

Under the regulations of the International Civil Aviation Safety Board, any commercial airliner that completes more than 3,000 flight hours in a calendar year must undergo a comprehensive turbine ultrasound inspection unless all of its primary engine components were replaced within the preceding 12 months. Last year, Aircraft Skycraft-90 logged 3,400 flight hours, and exactly two of its four primary engine components were replaced within the preceding 12 months.

Statement: Under the board's regulations, Aircraft Skycraft-90 is required to undergo a comprehensive turbine ultrasound inspection.

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Cevap

True. Aircraft Skycraft-90 logged 3,400 flight hours (exceeding the 3,000-hour threshold) and failed to satisfy the exemption requirement that all primary engine components be replaced within the preceding 12 months.
The rule imposes a mandatory turbine ultrasound inspection on any airliner exceeding 3,000 flight hours unless all primary engine components were replaced in the last 12 months. Skycraft-90 logged 3,400 hours (exceeding 3,000) and replaced only two of its four components. Because it fails to meet the strict requirement of replacing all components, the exemption does not apply, and the inspection is guaranteed to be required.

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1
Analyze the rule's logical conditions and exceptions.
An inspection is required IF annual flight hours > 3,000, UNLESS 100% of primary engine components were replaced within the past 12 months.
Formal conditional rules require identifying both the triggering condition and the exact criteria for any exemption.
2
Evaluate the trigger condition for Skycraft-90.
Skycraft-90 logged 3,400 flight hours, which exceeds 3,000 hours.
Establishes that the primary requirement for inspection has been triggered.
3
Evaluate the exemption criteria for Skycraft-90.
Only two out of four components were replaced within 12 months, which is not 'all' components.
The word 'unless' introduces a necessary condition for exemption (all components replaced). Partial replacement fails this requirement.
4
Deduce the final requirement.
Because the rule is triggered and the exemption is not met, Skycraft-90 must undergo the inspection. The statement is True.
Combining valid premise deductions leads directly to the true statement.

Anahtar Kavram

Conditional logic and valid deductions from rules containing strict exceptions ('unless all')
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