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Zorluk: OrtaStrengthening Arguments

To prevent soil degradation in arid farmland, agricultural researchers propose planting salt-tolerant halophytes alongside commercial crops. Halophytes absorb excess sodium ions from topsoil, which the researchers claim will allow commercial crops to absorb soil nitrogen more efficiently and thereby increase overall crop yields within two growing seasons.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the researchers' argument?

  1. A
    Halophytes consume substantial quantities of soil nitrogen during their growth cycle, reducing the net nitrogen available in the topsoil.
  2. B
    Commercial crops grown in non-arid climate zones typically produce significantly higher yields per hectare than those grown in arid regions.
  3. High concentrations of sodium ions in topsoil chemically inhibit the molecular channels that commercial crop roots use to absorb nitrogen.Cevap
  4. D
    Chemical soil-desalination treatments cost far more to manufacture and apply than purchasing and planting halophyte seeds.
  5. E
    Halophytes harvested from coastal agricultural plots can be processed into commercial animal feed and biofuel products.

Cevap

High concentrations of sodium ions in topsoil chemically inhibit the molecular channels that commercial crop roots use to absorb nitrogen.
The correct answer supplies the underlying physiological mechanism required for the argument to hold. If topsoil sodium ions actively inhibit root channels responsible for nitrogen uptake, then reducing sodium via halophyte absorption removes this inhibition, directly enabling commercial crops to absorb nitrogen more effectively and boost yields.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Isolate the premises and conclusion of the argument.
Premise: Halophytes absorb excess sodium ions from topsoil. Conclusion: Halophytes will enable commercial crops to absorb nitrogen more efficiently and increase overall yields.
Strengthening an argument requires identifying the logical gap between the evidence provided and the claim being made.
2
Identify the unstated assumption linking topsoil sodium to nitrogen absorption.
The argument assumes that sodium ions currently hinder nitrogen uptake, and that removing sodium will resolve this bottleneck.
Without a causal connection between sodium levels and nitrogen absorption efficiency, the conclusion remains unproven.
3
Evaluate the options for a premise that establishes this causal connection.
Confirming that sodium ions directly block root transport channels for nitrogen proves that removing sodium enables increased nitrogen absorption.
Supplying the missing biological mechanism directly validates the core premise-to-conclusion transition.

Anahtar Kavram

Strengthening Causal Arguments via Underlying Mechanism
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