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Zorluk: ZorFractions, Decimals, and Percents Arithmetic

At the beginning of a fiscal year, a municipal transit authority allocated its capital expenditure budget among three projects: Bus Rapid Transit, Rail Modernization, and Station Upgrades. Exactly 0.300.30 of the total budget was allocated to Bus Rapid Transit. Of the remaining budget, exactly 37\frac{3}{7} was allocated to Rail Modernization, and the rest was allocated to Station Upgrades. By the end of the year, expenditures on Bus Rapid Transit exceeded its initial allocation by 25%25\%, expenditures on Rail Modernization were 15%15\% below its initial allocation, and expenditures on Station Upgrades exceeded its initial allocation by 10%10\%. By what percent did the transit authority's total expenditures across all three projects exceed its initial total budget?

Cevap: 7 percent

Cevap

The total expenditures across all three projects exceeded the initial total budget by 7%7\%.
To solve this problem, represent the total initial budget as BB. The Bus Rapid Transit allocation is 0.30B0.30B, leaving 0.70B0.70B. Rail Modernization receives 37\frac{3}{7} of 0.70B0.70B, which equals 0.30B0.30B. The remaining portion for Station Upgrades is 0.70B0.30B=0.40B0.70B - 0.30B = 0.40B. End-of-year expenditures are calculated by multiplying each allocation by its respective growth multiplier: Bus Rapid Transit is 0.30B×1.25=0.375B0.30B \times 1.25 = 0.375B, Rail Modernization is 0.30B×0.85=0.255B0.30B \times 0.85 = 0.255B, and Station Upgrades is 0.40B×1.10=0.44B0.40B \times 1.10 = 0.44B. Summing these expenditures gives 0.375B+0.255B+0.44B=1.07B0.375B + 0.255B + 0.44B = 1.07B. Comparing 1.07B1.07B to the initial 1.00B1.00B reveals an overall increase of 0.07B0.07B, or 7%7\%.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Express the initial allocations for each project as fractions of the total budget B
Bus Rapid Transit = 0.30B0.30B, Rail Modernization = 0.30B0.30B, Station Upgrades = 0.40B0.40B
Bus Rapid Transit is explicitly 0.30B0.30B. The remaining 0.70B0.70B is split such that Rail Modernization receives 37×0.70B=0.30B\frac{3}{7} \times 0.70B = 0.30B, leaving 0.70B0.30B=0.40B0.70B - 0.30B = 0.40B for Station Upgrades.
2
Apply the individual percentage changes to determine end-of-year expenditures
Bus Rapid Transit = 0.375B0.375B, Rail Modernization = 0.255B0.255B, Station Upgrades = 0.44B0.44B
A 25%25\% increase corresponds to a multiplier of 1.251.25, a 15%15\% decrease corresponds to a multiplier of 0.850.85, and a 10%10\% increase corresponds to a multiplier of 1.101.10.
3
Sum the project expenditures and calculate the net percent change relative to B
Total expenditure = 1.07B1.07B, corresponding to a 7%7\% net increase
Adding 0.375B+0.255B+0.44B0.375B + 0.255B + 0.44B yields 1.07B1.07B. Subtracting the original budget 1.00B1.00B gives 0.07B0.07B, which is 7%7\% of BB.

Anahtar Kavram

Weighted Percentage Changes and Sequential Fraction-Decimal Operations
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