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Zorluk: Çok zorRemainders and Units Digit Cyclicity

What is the remainder when the sum S=31+32+33+⋯+32025S = 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + \dots + 3^{2025} is divided by 100100?

Cevap: 63

Cevap

The remainder when the sum SS is divided by 100100 is 6363.
Using the geometric series formula, S=3(32025−1)2S = \frac{3(3^{2025} - 1)}{2}. Computing 32025(mod200)3^{2025} \pmod{200} gives 43(mod200)43 \pmod{200} because 320≡1(mod200)3^{20} \equiv 1 \pmod{200} and 2025≡5(mod20)2025 \equiv 5 \pmod{20}. Substituting this into the numerator yields 3(43−1)=126(mod200)3(43 - 1) = 126 \pmod{200}. Dividing by 22 produces the remainder 6363 modulo 100100.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Sum the geometric series S=31+32+⋯+32025S = 3^1 + 3^2 + \dots + 3^{2025}
S=3(32025−1)2S = \frac{3(3^{2025} - 1)}{2}
Applying the standard finite geometric series formula arn−1r−1a\frac{r^n - 1}{r - 1} with a=3a = 3 and r=3r = 3.
2
Set up modular equation for S(mod100)S \pmod{100}
Evaluate 3(32025−1)(mod200)3(3^{2025} - 1) \pmod{200}
Dividing an integer congruence by 22 requires doubling the modulus to 200200 to maintain exact divisibility.
3
Find the cyclicity period of 3n(mod200)3^n \pmod{200}
320≡1(mod200)3^{20} \equiv 1 \pmod{200}
35=243≡433^5 = 243 \equiv 43, 310≡432=1849≡493^{10} \equiv 43^2 = 1849 \equiv 49, and 320≡492=2401≡1(mod200)3^{20} \equiv 49^2 = 2401 \equiv 1 \pmod{200}.
4
Compute 32025(mod200)3^{2025} \pmod{200}
32025≡35≡43(mod200)3^{2025} \equiv 3^5 \equiv 43 \pmod{200}
Dividing the exponent 20252025 by the period length 2020 leaves a remainder of 55.
5
Calculate the numerator 3(32025−1)(mod200)3(3^{2025} - 1) \pmod{200} and divide by 2
3(43−1)=126(mod200)3(43 - 1) = 126 \pmod{200}, so S≡63(mod100)S \equiv 63 \pmod{100}
Simplifying 126/2=63126 / 2 = 63 gives the unique remainder modulo 100100.

Anahtar Kavram

Geometric series summation combined with modular arithmetic and cyclicity mod 200
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