Soru

Read the following passage regarding architectural heritage conservation:

For decades, international heritage conservation was governed primarily by the 1964 Venice Charter, which established a rigid framework emphasizing physical material authenticity and minimal intervention. This paradigm asserted that architectural restoration must preserve the exact tangible substance of historical monuments, viewing any structural alteration or replacement as an unacceptable compromise of historical integrity.

However, critics began arguing in the late twentieth century that the Venice Charter's material-centric approach imposed a Eurocentric bias on global heritage practices. In many Asian traditions, such as Japanese wooden shrine preservation, structures are periodically dismantled and rebuilt using traditional craftsmanship—a process that preserves intangible cultural heritage and technical lineage rather than original physical timber. Consequently, strict adherence to material permanence delegitimized indigenous maintenance traditions and misconstrued structural renewal as vandalism.

To resolve this conceptual impasse, international conservators drafted the 1994 Nara Document on Authenticity, which broadened the definition of authenticity to encompass dynamic cultural contexts, living traditions, and intangible attributes. Rather than treating physical fabric as the sole gauge of historical significance, the Nara framework allows conservation strategies to reflect diverse values. Ultimately, this shift expanded the scope of global heritage preservation from mere physical artifact preservation to the holistic stewardship of cultural practices.

Arrange the structural function descriptions below in the correct logical sequence corresponding to Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, and Paragraph 3 of the passage.