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Zorluk: OrtaFundamental Counting Principle

A logistics firm generates a 4-character tracking code, c1c2c3c4c_1 c_2 c_3 c_4, for express parcels according to the following rules:
- The first character, c1c_1, must be a non-zero digit (11 through 99).
- The second character, c2c_2, must be a vowel chosen from the set {A, E, I, O, U}\{\text{A, E, I, O, U}\}.
- The third character, c3c_3, must be an even digit (0,2,4,6,80, 2, 4, 6, 8).
- The fourth character, c4c_4, must be a consonant chosen from the set {B, F, G, K, M, P}\{\text{B, F, G, K, M, P}\}.

If no digit may be repeated within the code, how many different tracking codes can be created?

Cevap: 1230

Cevap

1230
To find the total number of unique tracking codes, calculate the independent choices for letters and dependent choices for digits. For digits c1c_1 and c3c_3, if c1c_1 is odd (1,3,5,7,91, 3, 5, 7, 9), there are 5×5=255 \times 5 = 25 ways to choose c3c_3. If c1c_1 is even (2,4,6,82, 4, 6, 8), there are 4×4=164 \times 4 = 16 ways to choose c3c_3, giving 4141 valid digit pairs. Multiplying by the 55 vowel options for c2c_2 and 66 consonant options for c4c_4 yields 41×5×6=123041 \times 5 \times 6 = 1230.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine valid digit choices for c1c_1 and c3c_3 considering the non-repetition constraint
Split into Case 1 (c1c_1 is odd) and Case 2 (c1c_1 is even)
The availability of even digits for c3c_3 depends on whether c1c_1 uses an even or odd digit.
2
Calculate the number of ways to pick c1c_1 and c3c_3
Case 1 (c1{1,3,5,7,9}c_1 \in \{1, 3, 5, 7, 9\}): 5×5=255 \times 5 = 25 ways. Case 2 (c1{2,4,6,8}c_1 \in \{2, 4, 6, 8\}): 4×4=164 \times 4 = 16 ways. Total digit combinations = 25+16=4125 + 16 = 41.
If c1c_1 is odd, all 5 even digits remain for c3c_3. If c1c_1 is even, only 4 even digits remain for c3c_3.
3
Calculate the number of ways to pick letters c2c_2 and c4c_4
5 choices for c2c_2 and 6 choices for c4c_4, giving 5×6=305 \times 6 = 30 letter combinations.
Vowels and consonants are chosen independently from distinct sets without restrictions between them.
4
Multiply independent stage outcomes using the Fundamental Counting Principle
41×30=123041 \times 30 = 1230
The overall number of distinct codes is the product of digit pair combinations and letter pair combinations.

Anahtar Kavram

Fundamental Counting Principle with Conditional Restrictions
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