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Zorluk: OrtaSet Theory Concepts and Venn Diagrams

A specialty coffee roastery surveyed 200200 customers to determine their preferences among three origin beans: Ethiopian (EE), Colombian (CC), and Guatemalan (GG). Every customer surveyed preferred at least one of the three origins. The survey revealed that 105105 customers preferred Ethiopian, 9090 preferred Colombian, and 8585 preferred Guatemalan. Additionally, 3535 customers preferred both Ethiopian and Colombian, 3030 preferred both Colombian and Guatemalan, and 4040 preferred both Ethiopian and Guatemalan. How many customers preferred all three origin beans?

  1. A
    1515
  2. B
    2020
  3. 2525Cevap
  4. D
    3535
  5. E
    5050

Cevap

25 customers preferred all three origin beans.
The correct answer is obtained by setting up the three-set inclusion-exclusion formula ABC=A+B+C(AB+BC+AC)+ABC|A \cup B \cup C| = |A| + |B| + |C| - (|A \cap B| + |B \cap C| + |A \cap C|) + |A \cap B \cap C|. Substituting the given values gives 200=105+90+85(35+30+40)+x200 = 105 + 90 + 85 - (35 + 30 + 40) + x. Solving 200=175+x200 = 175 + x yields x=25x = 25.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
State the 3-set Inclusion-Exclusion Principle formula.
ECG=E+C+G(EC+CG+EG)+ECG|E \cup C \cup G| = |E| + |C| + |G| - (|E \cap C| + |C \cap G| + |E \cap G|) + |E \cap C \cap G|
This fundamental formula relates the total union of three overlapping sets to their individual sizes, pairwise intersections, and three-set intersection.
2
Substitute the given values into the formula.
200=105+90+85(35+30+40)+x200 = 105 + 90 + 85 - (35 + 30 + 40) + x, where x=ECGx = |E \cap C \cap G|
Since every customer preferred at least one origin, the union of all three sets equals the total number of customers surveyed (200200).
3
Simplify the sum of individual sets and pairwise intersections.
Sum of individual sets = 105+90+85=280105 + 90 + 85 = 280. Sum of pairwise intersections = 35+30+40=10535 + 30 + 40 = 105.
Grouping terms makes evaluating the equation easier and reduces calculation errors.
4
Solve for the unknown three-set intersection xx.
200=280105+x    200=175+x    x=25200 = 280 - 105 + x \implies 200 = 175 + x \implies x = 25
Subtracting 175175 from 200200 yields the number of customers who prefer all three origin beans.

Anahtar Kavram

Three-Set Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion
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