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Zorluk: OrtaSet Theory Concepts and Venn Diagrams

A survey of 250250 registered voters was conducted to analyze their primary news sources: Television (TT), the Internet (II), and Print newspapers (PP). The survey revealed the following results:

- 140140 voters get news from Television.
- 150150 voters get news from the Internet.
- 8080 voters get news from Print newspapers.
- 4545 voters get news from both Television and Print newspapers.
- 6060 voters get news from both the Internet and Print newspapers.
- 3030 voters get news from all three sources.
- 2020 voters do not get news from any of these three sources.

How many of the surveyed voters get news from Television and the Internet, but NOT from Print newspapers?

Cevap: 35 voters

Cevap

35 voters get news from Television and the Internet, but not from Print newspapers.
Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion for three sets, the total union size is 230 voters (250 total minus 20 who use none). Setting up the formula 230 = 140 + 150 + 80 - 45 - 60 - |T ∩ I| + 30 allows us to solve for |T ∩ I| = 65. To find those who use Television and Internet but NOT Print newspapers, we subtract the 30 voters who use all three sources from 65, resulting in 35 voters.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Find the size of the union of all three sets
|T ∪ I ∪ P| = 250 - 20 = 230
Subtracting the 20 voters who use none of the three news sources from the total sample of 250 gives the total number of voters in at least one category.
2
Set up the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for three sets
230 = 140 + 150 + 80 - 45 - 60 - |T ∩ I| + 30
The formula sums individual set sizes, subtracts pairwise intersections, and adds back the triple intersection.
3
Solve for the total intersection of Television and Internet
|T ∩ I| = 65
Simplifying the equation gives 230 = 295 - |T ∩ I|, which yields |T ∩ I| = 65.
4
Exclude those who also read Print newspapers
|(T ∩ I) \ P| = 65 - 30 = 35
Subtracting the 30 voters who use all three sources leaves only those who use Television and Internet without Print newspapers.

Anahtar Kavram

Three-Set Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion
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