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Zorluk: OrtaArgument Analysis and Evaluating Claims

Palaeoethnobotanists analyzing plant remains at Epipalaeolithic sites in the Levant have proposed that early Natufian foragers engaged in intentional cultivation of wild barley long before morphological domestication took place. Proponents of this view point to the disproportionate density of barley caryopses relative to other wild seeds as indication of deliberate sowing. However, fossilized remains of granary weevils (*Sitophilus granarius*), obligate grain pests that thrive exclusively in bulk-stored crops, are entirely absent from these archaeological strata. Because these pests proliferate rapidly in agricultural storage facilities but cannot sustain populations among unharvested wild stands, their absence indicates that gathered grains were consumed immediately rather than stored for seed stock. Consequently, the high concentration of barley caryopses more likely reflects opportunistic harvesting of dense, naturally occurring stands following seasonal rains.

Which sentence in the passage presents empirical evidence used to challenge the hypothesis that early Natufian foragers intentionally cultivated wild barley?

Cevap: However, fossilized remains of granary weevils (*Sitophilus granarius*), obligate grain pests that thrive exclusively in bulk-stored crops, are entirely absent from these archaeological strata. / However, fossilized remains of granary weevils (Sitophilus granarius), obligate grain pests that thrive exclusively in bulk-stored crops, are entirely absent from these archaeological strata. / However, fossilized remains of granary weevils, obligate grain pests that thrive exclusively in bulk-stored crops, are entirely absent from these archaeological strata.

Cevap

The sentence introducing the absence of fossilized remains of granary weevils from the archaeological strata serves as the empirical evidence used to challenge the cultivation hypothesis.
The sentence detailing the total absence of fossilized granary weevils introduces the concrete empirical finding that the author uses to object to the cultivation hypothesis. The author later reasons that if grain had been stored for cultivation, these obligate pests would be present; thus, their absence serves as direct counter-evidence.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary hypothesis being evaluated in the passage.
The initial hypothesis states that early Natufian foragers intentionally cultivated wild barley before morphological domestication.
Understanding the central claim is necessary to locate the specific counter-argument and evidence.
2
Locate the structural transition signaling a counter-argument or challenging evidence.
The word 'However' introduces a pivot from the proponents' evidence to the opposing evidence regarding granary weevils.
Discourse markers like 'However' signal a shift from supporting claims to critical counter-evidence.
3
Select the precise sentence detailing the empirical finding that serves as counter-evidence.
The sentence detailing that 'fossilized remains of granary weevils... are entirely absent from these archaeological strata' provides the specific physical evidence utilized to undermine the cultivation hypothesis.
This sentence contains the observable physical data (absence of weevil fossils) that forms the core premise of the refutation.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying Counter-Evidence in Argument Analysis
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