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Zorluk: ZorReading Comprehension: Passage-Based Word in Context Analysis

In analyzing the ice-sheet dynamics of Jupiter's moon Europa, astrobiologists originally posited that the outer lithospheric shell remained entirely rigid except when disrupted by high-velocity impacts. However, recent thermal modeling of convective ice plumes suggests that the deep sub-surface ice shell displays a surprisingly plastic response to tidal forces. Far from remaining brittle or undergoing sudden, catastrophic fracturing, the cryogenic ice gradually deforms and flows under low, continuous gravitational stress without losing its solid-phase continuity. Consequently, planetary geologists must revise their rheological models to account for this creeping internal movement, recognizing that the material yields dynamically over vast temporal scales rather than maintaining an unyielding structural monolith.

In the context of the passage, the word "plastic" most nearly means

  1. A
    composed of synthetic polymeric materials
  2. capable of continuous deformation without fracturingCevap
  3. C
    returning immediately to an original shape once stress is removed
  4. D
    prone to sudden structural failure under low thermal thresholds
  5. E
    fluctuating rapidly over brief temporal intervals

Cevap

capable of continuous deformation without fracturing
The passage explicitly defines the ice's behavior as deforming and flowing gradually under sustained stress without breaking or fracturing. In physics and geology, 'plastic' describes a material capable of permanent deformation or flow when subjected to stress, making 'capable of continuous deformation without fracturing' the correct contextual definition.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Locate the target word in the passage and examine its immediate sentence context.
The text states that 'the deep sub-surface ice shell displays a surprisingly plastic response to tidal forces.'
Contextual clues in the surrounding sentences define how the author uses the target term.
2
Analyze structural elaboration and contrast clues in surrounding sentences.
The passage elaborates: 'Far from remaining brittle or undergoing sudden, catastrophic fracturing, the cryogenic ice gradually deforms and flows under low, continuous gravitational stress without losing its solid-phase continuity.'
This establishes that 'plastic' means ductile or able to flow/deform continuously rather than snapping or breaking.
3
Evaluate option definitions against the contextual meaning.
The meaning 'capable of continuous deformation without fracturing' precisely captures the passage's description of gradual deformation and creeping flow without structural failure.
This avoids the trap of common non-contextual definitions (synthetic polymer) or scientific near-synonym traps (elasticity).

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Passage-Based Word in Context Analysis
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Reading Comprehension: Passage-Based Word in Context Analysis

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