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Zorluk: OrtaWeaken

Energy Analyst: A regional manufacturing plant recently replaced its conventional incandescent warehouse lighting with high-efficiency smart LED arrays equipped with automated motion sensors. Following the installation, the facility's total monthly electricity consumption dropped by 18 percent. Therefore, if other manufacturing plants in the region adopt the same smart lighting arrays, they can likewise expect their total facility electricity consumption to decrease by roughly similar margins.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the energy analyst's argument?

  1. A
    The initial purchase and installation costs of the smart LED arrays exceeded the monetary value of the electricity saved during the first six months of operation.
  2. B
    Smart LED arrays consistently deliver their rated energy savings across diverse commercial settings regardless of fluctuations in ambient factory temperatures.
  3. Unlike typical regional manufacturing plants where continuous machinery dominates power use, the trial facility was a low-occupancy depot where lighting accounted for nearly all electricity consumption.Cevap
  4. D
    Electricity rates charged by utility companies across the region are guaranteed to rise significantly for all industrial consumers within the next calendar year.
  5. E
    Manufacturing facilities that fail to adopt modern automated lighting systems will invariably experience substantial increases in their overall operational waste.

Cevap

The argument is most weakened by pointing out that the trial facility was a low-occupancy depot where lighting made up almost all electricity use, unlike typical plants where heavy machinery accounts for most power consumption.
The author concludes that because one facility achieved an 18 percent reduction in total electricity consumption via lighting upgrades, other manufacturing facilities will achieve similar percentage savings. The choice showing that the test facility was an unautomated depot where lighting constituted virtually all energy consumption reveals that the sample is unrepresentative. In typical plants where heavy machinery accounts for the bulk of power usage, eliminating even a substantial amount of lighting energy will translate to only a negligible percentage drop in overall electricity consumption.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the premises and conclusion of the argument.
Premise: Replacing warehouse lighting with smart LEDs in one plant led to an 18 percent drop in total monthly electricity consumption. Conclusion: Other regional manufacturing plants adopting these arrays will experience roughly similar reductions in total electricity consumption.
Determining the core inference is essential to evaluate the unstated assumptions linking the sample to the broader population.
2
Identify the primary logical vulnerability in the author's reasoning.
The author assumes that the single test facility's energy distribution profile is representative of other regional manufacturing plants.
An 18 percent drop in total power consumption from lighting alone is only possible if lighting represents a very large proportion of the plant's overall energy load.
3
Evaluate the answer choices for new information that breaks this representative sample assumption.
The choice showing that the trial facility had disproportionately high lighting energy use compared to typical plants where heavy machinery dominates directly undermines the conclusion.
If lighting accounts for only a minor fraction of a typical plant's total energy consumption, lighting upgrades cannot produce an 18 percent decrease in total facility electricity use.

Anahtar Kavram

Unrepresentative Sample in Generalization Arguments
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