A biological organism possesses phenomenal consciousness only if it can encode episodic memories of its surroundings. Field observations establish that cephalopods, particularly octopuses, consistently demonstrate multi-stage problem-solving behaviors when navigating novel enclosures. Therefore, it follows that octopuses must be capable of encoding episodic memories of their surroundings.
Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion to be properly drawn?
- Every organism that demonstrates multi-stage problem-solving behaviors possesses phenomenal consciousness.Cevap
- BAny organism capable of encoding episodic memories of its surroundings possesses phenomenal consciousness.
- CIf an organism lacks phenomenal consciousness, it is incapable of encoding episodic memories of its surroundings.
- DAny organism that possesses phenomenal consciousness is capable of demonstrating multi-stage problem-solving behaviors.
- EMost organisms that consistently demonstrate multi-stage problem-solving behaviors are capable of encoding episodic memories of their surroundings.
Cevap
The statement that every organism demonstrating multi-stage problem-solving behaviors possesses phenomenal consciousness.
The argument relies on two key premises: (1) Phenomenal consciousness is required for episodic memory (Consciousness -> Memory), and (2) octopuses exhibit multi-stage problem-solving (Octopus -> Problem-Solving). The conclusion asserts that octopuses have episodic memory (Octopus -> Memory). To make this logically valid, we must guarantee that octopuses have phenomenal consciousness. The correct answer provides the exact missing link by establishing that problem-solving behavior guarantees phenomenal consciousness (Problem-Solving -> Consciousness). Adding this premise completes the logical chain: Octopus -> Problem-Solving -> Consciousness -> Memory, fully justifying the conclusion.
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Anahtar Kavram
Sufficient Assumption Conditional Bridging