Match each flawed argument with the abstract description that best identifies the specific type of source-based reasoning error (ad hominem) it commits.
- Consumer Advocate: TechFirm's CEO argues that users must adopt stringent password policies to ensure their data privacy. However, TechFirm was recently exposed for using easily guessable passwords for its internal corporate databases. Therefore, the CEO's argument about data privacy should be rejected.It attempts to discredit a position by pointing out that the proponent's actions contradict that very position.
- City Councilor: A real estate developer claims that relaxing downtown zoning laws will reduce traffic congestion and revitalize local businesses. Yet, the developer owns several vacant lots downtown and stands to make millions if the laws are changed. Thus, the developer's conclusions are completely invalid.It dismisses a claim merely because the person advancing the claim has a vested interest in its acceptance.
- Art Critic: The gallery director insists that the new minimalist sculpture represents a profound evolution in modern art. But the director is notoriously abrasive, frequently insults colleagues, and has a deeply unpleasant demeanor. Hence, the director's evaluation of the sculpture must be dismissed.It rejects a conclusion based on an attack against the personal character and disposition of the arguer.
Cevap
The Consumer Advocate passage matches the description of contradicting actions; the City Councilor passage matches the description of vested interest; and the Art Critic passage matches the description of a personal character attack.
Each passage exemplifies a distinct sub-category of the Ad Hominem flaw. The Consumer Advocate uses a 'tu quoque' attack by highlighting inconsistent actions, the City Councilor uses a circumstantial attack by focusing on vested interest, and the Art Critic uses an abusive attack by insulting personal character. The correct pairings directly map these passages to their precise abstract descriptions.
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Anahtar Kavram
Ad Hominem (Source Argument)