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Agronomist: Traditional drip irrigation systems deliver water directly to crop root zones at ground level, but in arid climates, substantial water is lost to surface evaporation during high-temperature periods. A newly designed sub-surface capillary system delivers water 15 centimeters beneath the soil surface. In a multi-year trial conducted in an arid valley, tomato fields utilizing the sub-surface system required 25 percent less water to produce the same crop yield as fields using traditional drip irrigation. Therefore, converting farms throughout the arid valley to the sub-surface system will substantially reduce the valley's overall agricultural water consumption. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the agronomist's argument?

  1. A
    The installation cost of sub-surface capillary systems is lower than the cost of installing traditional drip irrigation systems on large commercial farms.
  2. B
    In the arid valley, when farmers reduce the water required per crop acre, they typically expand cultivation into previously fallow land.
  3. The crop varieties that account for most of the agricultural land in the valley have root structures and water uptake characteristics similar to those of tomatoes.Cevap
  4. D
    Sub-surface capillary irrigation systems completely eliminate all moisture loss in every soil type under all environmental conditions.
  5. E
    Traditional drip irrigation systems can achieve comparable water efficiency if operated exclusively during the coolest nighttime hours.

Cevap

The statement that the crop varieties accounting for most cultivated land in the valley share root structures and water uptake characteristics with tomatoes most strongly strengthens the argument.
The conclusion claims that converting farms throughout the entire valley will substantially reduce total agricultural water use, based solely on evidence from a trial on tomato fields. For this conclusion to hold, the efficiency gains seen in tomatoes must apply broadly across the valley's agriculture. The correct answer confirms that the vast majority of agricultural land in the valley is planted with crops whose root depth and water uptake properties resemble those of tomatoes, establishing that the 25 percent savings demonstrated in the trial are representative of the region as a whole.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the conclusion and premises of the argument
Premise: Sub-surface capillary irrigation saved 25% water in tomato trials relative to traditional drip systems. Conclusion: Converting farms across the entire arid valley to this system will substantially reduce total agricultural water consumption.
Isolating the core claim reveals the inductive leap between a specific trial on tomatoes and valley-wide agricultural impact.
2
Locate the logical gap or unstated assumption
The author assumes that the water savings observed specifically in tomato fields will generalize to the other major crops cultivated across the valley.
If tomatoes have unique root depths that benefit from sub-surface watering while other valley crops do not, the overall water reduction would not materialize.
3
Evaluate which statement bridges the gap and provides the strongest support
Confirming that the predominant crops in the valley share similar root and water uptake traits with tomatoes validates the sample's representativeness and secures the conclusion.
Strengthening the generalizability of a sample to a broader population directly substantiates the author's causal projection.

Anahtar Kavram

Sample Generalizability and Eliminating Representativeness Gaps in Causal Arguments
Tahmini Süre:1m 20s
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