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Zorluk: OrtaSufficient Assumption

Urban Planner: A city cannot effectively revitalize its downtown commercial district unless it significantly expands its pedestrian-only zones. However, expanding pedestrian-only zones inevitably requires a comprehensive overhaul of the city's public transit routing. Therefore, Springfield's upcoming urban renewal initiative will fail to effectively revitalize its downtown commercial district.

Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the urban planner's conclusion to be properly drawn?

  1. A
    Any city that comprehensively overhauls its public transit routing will effectively revitalize its downtown commercial district.
  2. B
    If an urban renewal initiative does not significantly expand a city's pedestrian-only zones, it will not involve a comprehensive overhaul of its public transit routing.
  3. C
    A comprehensive overhaul of the public transit routing is necessary for Springfield's urban renewal initiative to effectively revitalize the downtown commercial district.
  4. Springfield's upcoming urban renewal initiative will not involve a comprehensive overhaul of the city's public transit routing.Cevap
  5. E
    The residents of Springfield strongly oppose any comprehensive overhaul of the city's public transit routing.

Cevap

The correct answer is the statement indicating that Springfield will not undertake a comprehensive overhaul of its public transit routing.
The argument relies on conditional logic: effectively revitalizing the downtown district requires expanding pedestrian-only zones, which in turn requires a comprehensive overhaul of public transit routing. This creates the logical chain: Revitalize → Expand Pedestrian Zones → Overhaul Transit. The urban planner's conclusion is that Springfield's initiative will fail to revitalize the district. To mathematically guarantee this conclusion, we need to establish the failure of one of the necessary conditions. The correct option provides the missing premise that Springfield will not comprehensively overhaul its transit routing. By applying the contrapositive (No Transit Overhaul → No Pedestrian Expansion → No Revitalization), this assumption strictly guarantees the planner's conclusion.

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1
Identify the core conditional logic in the premises.
Premise 1: Revitalize -> Expand Pedestrian Zones. Premise 2: Expand Pedestrian Zones -> Overhaul Transit Routing.
Mapping the conditional logic of the argument reveals the necessary conditions for a successful revitalization.
2
Chain the conditional premises together and identify the conclusion.
The chain is: Revitalize -> Overhaul Transit Routing. The conclusion is that Springfield will NOT revitalize.
Simplifying the conditional chain makes it easier to evaluate what is missing to mathematically prove the negative conclusion.
3
Determine what additional premise guarantees the conclusion.
To deduce that Springfield will not revitalize, we must trigger the contrapositive of the chain. Assuming that Springfield will NOT overhaul its transit routing triggers the contrapositive, definitively proving the conclusion.
A sufficient assumption must completely bridge the gap between the evidence and the conclusion with absolute logical certainty.

Anahtar Kavram

Sufficient Assumption in Conditional Reasoning
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Konular

Sufficient Assumption

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