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Zorluk: OrtaIdentifying Sufficient Assumptions

Mayor: The city's newly enacted parking tax will undoubtedly improve the quality of life for downtown residents. Statistical models confirm that the tax will significantly decrease the number of vehicles entering the downtown area each day. Furthermore, any decrease in downtown vehicle traffic inevitably leads to a reduction in local air pollution.

Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion to be properly drawn?

  1. Any reduction in local air pollution improves the quality of life for downtown residents.Cevap
  2. B
    The new parking tax will not cause economic hardships that detract from the quality of life for downtown residents.
  3. C
    Anything that improves the quality of life for downtown residents inevitably leads to a reduction in local air pollution.
  4. D
    If the number of vehicles entering the downtown area does not decrease, the quality of life for downtown residents will remain unchanged.
  5. E
    Downtown residents currently consider local air pollution to be the most significant problem affecting their community.

Cevap

The correct answer is the option stating that any reduction in local air pollution improves the quality of life for downtown residents.
The argument relies on a straightforward chain of conditional logic. The premises establish that the tax will reduce traffic, and that reduced traffic reduces air pollution. In order to properly draw the conclusion that the tax improves the quality of life, there must be a logical link connecting the end of the evidence chain (reduced air pollution) to the conclusion (improved quality of life). The correct answer provides this exact missing link as a universal rule, making the conclusion logically inescapable.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the main conclusion of the argument.
Conclusion: The new parking tax will improve the quality of life for downtown residents.
This is the ultimate claim the Mayor is trying to prove with the subsequent evidence.
2
Identify the given premises.
Premise 1: The tax decreases vehicles. Premise 2: Decreasing vehicles reduces air pollution.
We must accept these statements as true and determine what they logically yield.
3
Trace the logical chain and pinpoint the gap.
The chain is: Tax -> Decrease Vehicles -> Reduce Air Pollution. The gap exists between 'Reduce Air Pollution' and 'Improve Quality of Life'.
A sufficient assumption question requires finding the exact missing link that connects the end of the premise chain directly to the conclusion.
4
Select the option that perfectly bridges this gap.
The statement 'Any reduction in local air pollution improves the quality of life' acts as the required bridge (Reduce Air Pollution -> Improve Quality of Life).
Adding this conditional statement to the premises guarantees the conclusion 100%.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying Sufficient Assumptions via Formal Logic Chains
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