If an architectural firm is to win the city's waterfront redevelopment contract, it must either incorporate extensive green spaces into its design or partner with a prominent local engineering company. However, a firm cannot partner with a prominent local engineering company unless it agrees to a profit-sharing model dictated by the city council. The Apex Architectural Group steadfastly refuses to agree to any profit-sharing model. Thus, if Apex is to win the waterfront redevelopment contract, it must incorporate extensive green spaces into its design.
Which one of the following arguments exhibits a pattern of reasoning most logically similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
- If a new drug is to be approved for treating the rare disease, it must either demonstrate unprecedented efficacy or have no severe side effects. A drug can have no severe side effects only if its active compound is synthesized at low temperatures. The experimental drug X-12 cannot be synthesized at low temperatures. Therefore, if X-12 is to be approved for treating the rare disease, it must demonstrate unprecedented efficacy.Cevap
- BIf a software update is to improve system performance, it must either optimize memory usage or rewrite the core algorithm. A software update will rewrite the core algorithm only if the development team has three months to work on it. The Beta team does not have three months to work on their update. Therefore, if the Beta team's update optimizes memory usage, it will improve system performance.
- CIf a novel is to become a bestseller, it must either have a compelling protagonist or feature a highly controversial plot. A novel can feature a highly controversial plot only if it tackles current political scandals. Author Y's new novel does not tackle current political scandals. Thus, if Author Y's new novel does not become a bestseller, it must not have a compelling protagonist.
- DIf a candidate is to win the mayoral election, they must either secure the union endorsement or spend heavily on television advertising. No candidate can spend heavily on television advertising unless they have backing from wealthy donors. Candidate Z lacks backing from wealthy donors. Therefore, candidate Z will definitely secure the union endorsement.
- EIf an athlete is to break the world record, they must either train at high altitudes or follow a strict dietary regimen. An athlete will fail to follow a strict dietary regimen unless they employ a full-time nutritionist. Athlete M employs a full-time nutritionist. Thus, if Athlete M is to break the world record, they must train at high altitudes.
Cevap
The argument concerning the new drug approval perfectly parallels the logical structure of the architectural firm stimulus.
The correct answer perfectly mirrors the logical skeleton of the stimulus. Both arguments state a sufficient condition that requires at least one of two necessary conditions. They then establish a further necessary condition for one of the original disjuncts, demonstrate that a specific subject fails to meet this further condition, and validly conclude that if the subject fulfills the initial sufficient condition, it must satisfy the remaining necessary condition.
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Parallel Conditional Logic