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Soru

Zorluk: Çok zorNecessary Assumption

Archaeologist: The iron artifacts recently excavated at the Qadan burial site contain trace amounts of vanadium. Vanadium is absent from the iron ores of Anatolia, which historians have long considered the sole region possessing iron-smelting technology during that era. However, vanadium is abundant in the raw iron ores found near the Qadan site. Consequently, these artifacts must have been manufactured locally by the Qadan people rather than acquired through long-distance trade.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the archaeologist's argument depends?

  1. The iron artifacts discovered at the Qadan site were not forged in Anatolia using raw ores transported from the Qadan region.Cevap
  2. B
    The only region in the world where vanadium-rich iron ores existed during that era was the area immediately surrounding the Qadan site.
  3. C
    The Qadan people developed their iron-smelting technology entirely independently, without any instruction or influence from Anatolian metalworkers.
  4. D
    The concentration of vanadium in the excavated artifacts is identical to the concentration of vanadium naturally present in the raw Qadan ores.
  5. E
    Any iron artifact dating to that era that lacks trace amounts of vanadium must have been manufactured in Anatolia.

Cevap

The option stating that the iron artifacts were not forged in Anatolia using raw ores transported from the Qadan region.
The argument concludes that the artifacts must have been manufactured locally because local ores have vanadium while Anatolian ores do not. However, the author fails to consider whether the raw material itself could have been traded. If Anatolian metalworkers imported vanadium-rich ore from Qadan, smelted it in Anatolia, and traded the finished artifacts back, the premises would remain true but the conclusion (local manufacture) would be completely false. The argument therefore logically depends on assuming this exact scenario did not occur.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the conclusion of the argument.
The conclusion is that the Qadan artifacts must have been manufactured locally rather than acquired through long-distance trade.
This sets the target for the necessary assumption. The author is trying to prove local manufacture over trade.
2
Identify the premises supporting the conclusion.
Premises: Artifacts have vanadium; Anatolian ores lack vanadium; Anatolia was thought to be the only smelting region; Qadan ores have abundant vanadium.
Understanding the evidence reveals the logical gap.
3
Find the logical gap between the premises and the conclusion.
The author assumes that the origin of the raw material (Qadan ore) guarantees the location of the manufacturing process (Qadan site).
The argument fails to distinguish between the trade of raw materials and the trade of finished goods.
4
Apply the Negation Test to evaluate candidate assumptions.
Negating the correct choice yields: 'The artifacts WERE forged in Anatolia using raw ores transported from Qadan.' This explains the vanadium while proving the artifacts were acquired through trade, completely destroying the conclusion.
A necessary assumption must destroy the argument when negated.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying a Necessary Assumption (Defender)
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Konular

Necessary Assumption

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