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Soru

Zorluk: Çok zorMust Be True / Most Strongly Supported

Linguists agree that any dialect experiencing a rapid phonological shift within a single generation must either have extensive contact with neighboring language communities or be subject to rigorous educational standardization. Rigorous educational standardization, however, inevitably leads to the eradication of historical morphological irregularities. Recent field studies have documented several isolated mountain dialects that recently experienced rapid phonological shifts while thoroughly retaining their historical morphological irregularities. Furthermore, it is well established that no language community with extensive contact with neighboring communities can maintain an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary.

Which one of the following statements follows logically from the information above?

  1. At least some mountain dialects do not maintain an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary.Cevap
  2. B
    Any dialect that does not maintain an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary has extensive contact with neighboring language communities.
  3. C
    No mountain dialects have been subject to rigorous educational standardization.
  4. D
    If a dialect eradicates its historical morphological irregularities, it must have experienced rigorous educational standardization.
  5. E
    Mountain dialects are less likely to experience rigorous educational standardization than are dialects spoken in more accessible regions.

Cevap

At least some mountain dialects do not maintain an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary.
The correct answer correctly traces the logical chain of events. Because the several mountain dialects retained their irregularities, they avoided educational standardization. Since they experienced a rapid phonological shift without standardization, they must have had extensive contact with neighbors. Finally, any community with extensive contact cannot keep an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary. Therefore, it is definitively true that at least some mountain dialects do not maintain an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the conditions for the documented mountain dialects.
They experienced rapid phonological shift (RPS) AND retained historical morphological irregularities (no eradication).
This is explicitly stated in the stimulus as findings from recent field studies.
2
Determine the impact of retaining irregularities.
The dialects could not have been subject to rigorous educational standardization.
The stimulus establishes that rigorous standardization inevitably leads to eradication of irregularities. Taking the contrapositive, if there is no eradication, there was no rigorous standardization.
3
Apply the rule regarding rapid phonological shifts.
The mountain dialects must have had extensive contact with neighboring language communities.
RPS requires EITHER extensive contact OR rigorous standardization. Since step 2 ruled out standardization, extensive contact is the only remaining possibility for these dialects.
4
Determine the consequence of extensive contact.
These mountain dialects cannot maintain an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary.
The final premise dictates that no community with extensive contact can maintain an exclusively internally-derived vocabulary. Therefore, there are some mountain dialects that do not maintain one.

Anahtar Kavram

Formal Logic, Conditional Chains, and Intersecting Quantifiers
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Konular

Must Be True / Most Strongly Supported

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