Soru

Passage A
The foundational principle of medical ethics in free societies is informed consent, which serves as the ultimate safeguard for individual autonomy and bodily integrity. In the context of posthumous organ donation, this principle is institutionalized through the "opt-in" system, requiring explicit authorization from individuals before their organs can be procured. Proponents argue that a person's body is inextricably linked to their identity and dignity, even after death. Thus, any presumption of consent—such as that found in "opt-out" systems—violates a fundamental human right by shifting the burden of protecting one's body onto the individual, rather than requiring the state to actively seek permission. While opt-in systems often yield lower donation rates, thereby exacerbating organ shortages, prioritizing maximizing utility over individual rights risks treating human bodies merely as a means to a societal end. The ethical cost of harvesting organs from even a single individual who silently opposed the procedure but failed to register their objection far outweighs the utilitarian benefits of an increased organ supply. Consent must be an active, affirmative declaration, not an assumption drawn from silence.

Passage B
The chronic shortage of organs available for transplantation represents a profound public health crisis, one that is largely perpetuated by the inefficiency of "opt-in" organ donation frameworks. Recognizing this, many jurisdictions have shifted toward "opt-out" or presumed consent policies. Under this model, all individuals are considered donors by default, though they retain the absolute right to register an objection. Ethically, this approach aligns with the principle of beneficence—the moral obligation to act for the benefit of others. Critics often claim that presumed consent infringes upon bodily autonomy. However, this argument mistakenly conflates an opportunity cost with a rights violation. Because individuals can easily opt out, autonomy is fully preserved; the system merely alters the default state to reflect the widely documented reality that most people support organ donation but fail to complete the necessary paperwork. By setting the default to consent, the policy harnesses behavioral inertia to save thousands of lives. When weighed against the undeniable suffering and preventable deaths caused by organ shortages, the theoretical harm of presuming consent from a population that largely supports donation is ethically negligible.

Based on the provided texts, which of the following best expresses the primary purpose of both passages?