Nutritionist: The new dietary guideline recommends that people should focus on eating only 'natural' foods. But this is a ridiculous recommendation. After all, poison ivy and toxic mushrooms are completely natural, as they occur in nature without human intervention. Therefore, the guideline is essentially suggesting that people should eat poison ivy and toxic mushrooms.
The nutritionist's argument is flawed because it conflates two distinct meanings of the term 'natural'. Which of the following accurately identify the two meanings of 'natural' that are being confused in this argument? (Select exactly two options)
- Wholesome, healthy, and suitable for human consumptionCevap
- Existing in or produced by the physical environment without human alterationCevap
- CBeing widely accepted as a normal cultural practice in modern society
- DOccurring inevitably as a direct consequence of biological cause and effect
- EServing as a strictly necessary requirement for human survival
Cevap
The two meanings are 'wholesome, healthy, and suitable for human consumption' and 'existing in or produced by the physical environment without human alteration'.
The argument plays on two different senses of the word 'natural'. The dietary guideline clearly intends 'natural' to refer to foods that are wholesome and healthy for humans. However, the nutritionist attacks this by applying a much broader, literal definition: anything that exists in nature without human intervention. By substituting the broader definition for the intended narrower one, the nutritionist manufactures an absurd conclusion.
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Equivocation (Uncertain Use of a Term)